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\ HTML by: I <b>The Beginners Guide</b> I Written by: /
> I <b>To Linux v1.1</b> I Squiler <
/ <a href="mailto:black_mesa@gmx.de">Martin L.</a> I_____________________________I ICQ:34500800 \
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<p><b><font size="4">1.0 - Intro</font></b></p>
<p>Linux- sometimes referred to by the press as 'Windows NT's worst enemy'. Wired
Magazine once called it 'The greatest story never told'. This is a perfect definition
because the story behind Linux is indeed a great one, yet it is unknown to so
many people. Let's start at the beginning.</p>
<p>Back when 'Stayin' Alive' was still topping the charts, and Microsoft was a
spec in the world of computers, AT&T produced a multi-user operating system
and labeled it 'UNIX'. Throughout the years, UNIX caught on and many different
versions of it began to come out. A popular one, called 'Minix' (mini-UNIX)
was available for use at The University of Helsinki in Finland. A student at
the University named Linus Torvalds believed he could create an operating system
superior to Minix. In 1991 he started his new operating system as a side project,
but it soon developed into a full-time hobby until 1994 when the first official
version of the operating system was released.</p>
<p>You're probably now saying 'so what's the big deal about Linux? Isn't it just
another operating system?' Absolutely not! First of all, Linux is released under
something called 'open source license'. Open source is really more of an idea
than a thing. Linux is released with all the source code and files that it was
made with. This means a few things. Anyone who is good at programming can mess
with the Linux code and release his own version of it. This also means that
even though if you buy Linux in a store it will cost money, you're not paying
for the actual Linux itself. Your money goes to the price of packaging, the
extra software that comes with the operating system, and technical support.
The second, and most important reason that Linux is a big deal is because it's
a much more stable operating system than Windows. It runs on any system; even
bottom of the line 386's from before Linux even came out. Programs running under
Linux almost never crash, and in the off chance that one does because of bad
programming by the program author, it will not take the operating system down
with it. Another important reason Linux is good is that it is secure. It is
much harder to bring down by a hacker than Windows is (for further reading,
read the 'Basic Unix Security Guide' by R a v e N at blacksun.box.sk). This
is just an extremely short list of the reasons why Linux is so great. For further
reading check out<br>
<a href="http://www.linux.org" target="_blank">www.linux.org</a></p>
<p>This tutorial is for Windows users who want to migrate to Linux. This is written
for Redhat or Mandrake Linux (the two most easy-to-install and user-friendly
Linux distributions), but the information here will most probably help you with
whatever distribution you are using. The only problem with this is that Mandrake
and RedHat are relativley simple to install, and some other distrobutions are
much more complex. I highly suggest you buy Linux-Mandrake rather than RedHat.
Mainly because it is cheaper and comes with more software, but as you read through
this tutorial, you'll see more reasons why I recommend Mandrake.</p>
<p>The first thing you're going to have to do with your new operating system is
install it- but you can't do that so quickly.</p>
<p><b><font size="4">2.0 - Preparation</font></b></p>
<p>If you already have Microsoft Windows on your system and you want it to co-exist
with Linux, you are going to have to create another hard drive partition. What
a hard drive partition is a totally separate part of a hard drive. If two hard
drive partitions weren't physically part of the same disc, they would be two
different hard drives. Anyway, the reason for this is that Windows and Linux
are totally different in the way they access hard drives and handle files. If
they are using each other's hard drive space the two operating systems can conflict
and cause major problems for your computer. Well, as I was saying, you need
to create a hard drive partition reserved for Linux. There are MS-DOS programs
that do this, but<br>
they are "lethal" partition making programs. By this I mean that while
making a new partition, they can destroy or at least corrupt files on another
partition. If you want to make a partition for Linux, without killing your Windows
files you need a "non-lethal" partition program. If you get Linux-Mandrake,
a "non-lethal" partition program is included with it (this is just
one of the reasons why I recommend Mandrake over RedHat).</p>
<p>Well with all this talk of partitions and hard drives, you must be wondering
roughly how much hard drive space you'll need for Linux. If you want the complete
system with everything, you'll need about 1.5 gigabyte+ hard drive space. However
it is possible to productively run a full Linux distribution (there are "miniature"
Linux distributions that range from around 2 to 35 megabytes, and there's also
Trinux, which runs from two 1.44MB floppy disks! Get it from <a href="http://www.trinux.org" target="_blank">www.trinux.org</a>)
to with as little as 150 megabytes. Trust me, you don't want EVERYTHING. Linux
comes with tons of software you'll probably won't need. For example: Linux comes
with a variety of network servers - a web server, a Sendmail server, a telnet
server, an FTP server etc'. If you choose not to install something and then
regret, you can still get it later off the original installation CD.</p>
<p>So anyway, if you have sufficient hard drive space, and a "non-lethal"
partition program, you're ready to proceed to the next step: installation.</p>
<p>***Even if you're using a "non-lethal" partition program, I suggest
you backup your Windows files just in case something goes wrong.***</p>
<p><b><font size="4">3.0 - Installation</font></b></p>
<p>Now that your computer is ready for Linux, you're ready to install it. When
you bought the software, it probably came with a few CD's and a disk.</p>
<p>The disk is boot disk for the Linux installation program. You pop in the disk,
reset your computer, the installation program begins, and you're ready to install
Linux. The only thing is that the installation program will take a while to
load since it's from a disk.</p>
<p>**The stuff on the disk is probably just a duplicate of some of the stuff on
the first CD. If your computer is capable of booting from a CD (and most newer
ones are, otherwise, check your manual) then instead of putting the disk in
your computer then rebooting, put in the first CD as it will load much quicker.
Of course, you'll need to mess with your BIOS configurations first, but that's
no big deal. Hit del when your computer boots up (after it tells you how much
RAM you have) and mess around with it until you can find out how to make your
computer attempt to boot from your CD drive first. This differs from different
BIOS systems.**</p>
<p><b>3.1 - Ok..You're finally ready to install Linux.</b></p>
<p>The first few questions the install program asks you are self explanatory,
just things like your language and stuff. One thing you might get stumped on
is when you are prompted on whether you have any SCSI adapters or not. An SCSI
adapter can be anything such as a mouse, printer, scanner, etc. It all depends
if you have an SCSI controller. Chances are, you don't have any SCSIs, but check
your manual to be sure. Also, if you are completely sure that your copy of Microsoft
Windows is properly-configured, you can quit the installation program at any
time, return to Windows, run control panel, click on system and find out all
the information you'll need about your system's hardware.</p>
<p><b>3.2 - More Partition Stuff</b></p>
<p>The next thing you might have trouble with is a dialog box that appears asking
you some questions about your hard drive partitions. The name of the dialog
box should 'Disk Setup'. There should be three buttons on the bottom of the
box. One labeled 'Disk Druid', another labeled 'fdisk', and the last is the
back button. Since you already set up your partitions, select 'Disk Druid'.
If you originally only had one partition with windows, then the top of the screen
should look something like this:</p>
<table width="99%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td><b>Mount Point</b></td>
<td><b> Device</b></td>
<td><b>Requested </b></td>
<td><b>Actual</b></td>
<td><b>Type</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>hda1</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>Win95</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>hda2</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>Linux Swap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>hda3</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>??MB</td>
<td>Linux Native</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> Mount point should be blank.<br>
'Device' is the name of the partition<br>
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