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\ HTML by: I <b>Shell Accounts For Newbies</b> I Written by: /
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/ <a href="mailto:black_mesa@gmx.de">Martin L.</a> I_____________________________I <a href="mailto:Ghost_Rider9@hotmail.com">Ghost_Rider</a> \
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<p>This is a tutorial explaining what a shell account is, how you can get one
and some basic commands. If you are thinking that you can find here shell scripting
or exploit hints, you are wrong. Wait for further tutorials. The first part
is just a bunch of questions with answers. After that I'll do a quick view about
shell flavours and where can you get shells for free.<br>
So here we go.</p>
<p><b><font size="4">The Questions That Everybody Asks</font></b></p>
<p><b>Q:What is a shell account?</b></p>
<p><b>A:</b>Ok...I think I won't be needing to explain what an account is, but
let's talk about the shell. You probably are using Windows, so your shell is
command.com and all that cute (crashing) Graphic environment. Being more precise
a shell is the program that translates and sends your commands to your system's
core. This happens because the core doesn't understand the commands you give.
For example, when you type "cd ..", this command will be first translate
to a low language level by the shell and just after that, sent to the core (or
your CPU would drive mad). Do you imagine how painful would be using a computer
if you hadn't a shell? You needed to use a low language level, like assembler
or even worst (binary) to do something. If you wanted to do "cd .."
you would have to write a bunch of push mem put mem blabla mem or a huge list
of 00101010. Do you really think that this would work with people? I don't think
so. Ok..Ok.. There are many persons that code in assembler, but I'm talking
about ordinary people.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Q:So you are saying that a shell is just a "thing" that translates
my inputs to the core, like command.com. But why do I want to connect to a remote
command.com, I've got my own in my box.</b></p>
<p><b>A:</b> People like Shell Accounts because you don't connect to a Windows
box, but to a *nix box. If you can't have linux or any other *nix System at
home, you could get a Shell Account, and start playing with linux like if it
was in your own box.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Q:My friend is a *nix guru and he told me that some shells suck because
they are restricted what's that?</b></p>
<p>A:There are two kind of shells, the restricted shells and the non-restricted
shells. The difference between both is that usually restricted shells aren't
rented, they are free shells, but in those shells you can't execute every command
you want (for example, using a free shell they can keep you out of dig, nslookup
and telnet programs). On the therhand using non-restricted shells, you can run
any command you want but these kind of shells are paid (sometimes universities
give non-restricted shells to the students). Hey, but even if you have a restricted
shell don't be worried, some of them are really good.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Q: So you are saying that I can get a shell without paying for it?</b></p>
<p><b>A:</b> Yes you can. For me the best place is at nether.net (other host that
is a free shell provider is freeshell.org), I'll guide you through the all process
later. Sometimes ISPs also give shell accounts to their users, so you may have
already a shell account and you don't know, phone to yours ISP's Support and
talk with them.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Q: I phoned my ISP asking for a shell account, and they asked why did I
want one. What should I say?</b></p>
<p><b>A:</b> Just tell that you really love to surf with Lynx, and that you want
to learn Unix. That should do. If they hang up, just go for the free shells.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Q: Hey I've got a shell, but how can I know if it's a good shell?</b></p>
<p>A: I think the answer is relative, it depends from the person who answer, for
me the things that make a good shell are listed below.</p>
<p>-> Telnet (terminal emulator)<br>
-> Nslookup (Gives you information about the host)<br>
-> FTP (File Transfer Protocol, do I need to say anything else?)<br>
-> Finger (gets information about some user)<br>
-> Traceroute (The same as tracerT.exe in Windows, but much better)<br>
-> Dig (probably many of the restricted shells won't let you use, but don't
worry)<br>
-> Netstat (like in windows, lists all sockets and their status)<br>
-> GCC (c compiler, cool to do your own coding)<br>
-> Gzip (to [un]pack stuff)<br>
-> Lynx (Best Browser in the World)</p>
<p>This doesn't mean that a good shell for you needs to have this. For you a good
shell could be just a shell that allows you to telnet, like I said it's very
relative. But if your shell account doesn't let you use telnet, FTP and GCC,
you should get other shell account.</p>
<p>By now you should be getting bored of reading stupid questions, and even more
stupid answers, so let's get in another section. Let's talk a little about the
flavours of Shell Accounts.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b><font size="4">Quick View about flavours of Shell Accounts</font></b></p>
<p>There are may kinds of shell accounts, some of them are what we call home made
shells, other are the "standard" shell. Let's talk about the "standard"
shells.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Just for your information</b></p>
<p>Home made shells are shells that are made by the sysop that owns the system,
<br>
and it's just running in his system.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Like I said there are plenty of shells.You've got:</p>
<p>-> shell: Bourne Shell<br>
-> Bash : Bourne Again Shell<br>
-> Cshell: C Shell<br>
-> Tcsh: Technical C Shell<br>
-> Ksh: Kourne Shell<br>
And many others. (I just listed those because it's the ones you can get at nether.net)</p>
<p>Each shell has their strong and weak points. For example the Cshell allows
you to type in C commands like if it were normal commands, that means that if
you type printf Hello it will be the same as echo in other shells(for the ones
who don't know C language, printf stands for printing in the screen the input
given). I won't explain the strong and weak points in each shell, you should
be the one doing that. Just get them at free shell providers at start exploring.
The only hint I'll give you is that Bash is the best shell for beginners, if
you want a more powerful shell just go to the C shell. Start with bash, explore
the system, learn some bash scripting, then start using other shells. Talk with
your friends that have others shells, ask what they think about it, you're getting
the idea, aren't you?;) If you already have one shell and doesn't know which
shell is it, just type in echo $shell and it will probably be shown your shell's
type. Since this is a quick view, I'll end here. Gonna help you getting a real
cool shell account.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><b><font size="4">Getting a Shell Account At Nether.net</font></b></p>
<p>So are you ready to get your first shell account? Of course you are. The only
thing I don't like in nether.net is the offline time that the server sometimes
stays. So if you can connect to nether.net don't worry, since there are plenty
of people in that host sometimes he overflows and goes offline. Just wait some
hours and you probably can go online again.</p>
<p><b>------ Accessing nether.net ------</b></p>
<p><b>Step 1. (Getting your terminal emulator ready to roll)</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Open your telnet program, you can find it in windows directory under the
name telnet.exe</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br>
<b>Step 2. (Connecting)</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Now that you are probably looking to the Telnet Window, select the Connect
menu, and in that menu select Remote System. It will be shown another box
asking you for the hostname, port and term type. Fill those fields with the
information below.</p>
<p>Hostname: nether.net<br>
Port: Telnet (or 23 it's the same)<br>
Term Type: vt100 (it should be already in this value)</p>
<p>You wait a little and...</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>------ Getting the account ------</b></p>
<p><b>Step 3. (Logging in)</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Now you should be looking at the nether.net banner. That says:</p>
<p><br>
Kernel SunOS 5.6 Generic_105181-17 on a sun4d<br>
Welcome to nether.net</p>
<p>New to the system? Login as newuser</p>
<p>login:</p>
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