/****************************************************/
/* File: cgen.c                                     */
/* The code generator implementation                */
/* for the TINY compiler                            */
/* (generates code for the TM machine)              */
/* Compiler Construction: Principles and Practice   */
/* Kenneth C. Louden                                */
/****************************************************/

#include "globals.h"
#include "symtab.h"
#include "code.h"
#include "cgen.h"

/* tmpOffset is the memory offset for temps
 It is decremented each time a temp is
 stored, and incremeted when loaded again
 */
static int tmpOffset = 0;

/* prototype for internal recursive code generator */
static void cGen(TreeNode * tree);

/* Procedure genStmt generates code at a statement node */
static void genStmt(TreeNode * tree)
{
	TreeNode * p1, * p2, * p3;
	int savedLoc1, savedLoc2, currentLoc;
	int loc;
	switch (tree->kind.stmt)
	{

	case IfK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> if");
		p1 = tree->child[0];
		p2 = tree->child[1];
		p3 = tree->child[2];
		/* generate code for test expression */
		cGen(p1);
		savedLoc1 = emitSkip(1);
		emitComment("if: jump to else belongs here");
		/* recurse on then part */
		cGen(p2);
		savedLoc2 = emitSkip(1);
		emitComment("if: jump to end belongs here");
		currentLoc = emitSkip(0);
		emitBackup(savedLoc1);
		emitRM_Abs("JEQ", ac, currentLoc, "if: jmp to else");
		emitRestore();
		/* recurse on else part */
		cGen(p3);
		currentLoc = emitSkip(0);
		emitBackup(savedLoc2);
		emitRM_Abs("LDA", pc, currentLoc, "jmp to end");
		emitRestore();
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- if");
		break; /* if_k */

	case RepeatK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> repeat");
		p1 = tree->child[0];
		p2 = tree->child[1];
		savedLoc1 = emitSkip(0);
		emitComment("repeat: jump after body comes back here");
		/* generate code for body */
		cGen(p1);
		/* generate code for test */
		cGen(p2);
		emitRM_Abs("JEQ", ac, savedLoc1, "repeat: jmp back to body");
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- repeat");
		break; /* repeat */

	case AssignK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> assign");
		/* generate code for rhs */
		cGen(tree->child[0]);
		/* now store value */
		loc = st_lookup(tree->attr.name);
		emitRM("ST", ac, loc, gp, "assign: store value");
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- assign");
		break; /* assign_k */

	case ReadK:
		emitRO("IN", ac, 0, 0, "read integer value");
		loc = st_lookup(tree->attr.name);
		emitRM("ST", ac, loc, gp, "read: store value");
		break;
	case WriteK:
		/* generate code for expression to write */
		cGen(tree->child[0]);
		/* now output it */
		emitRO("OUT", ac, 0, 0, "write ac");
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
} /* genStmt */

/* Procedure genExp generates code at an expression node */
static void genExp(TreeNode * tree)
{
	int loc;
	TreeNode * p1, * p2;
	switch (tree->kind.exp)
	{

	case ConstK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> Const");
		/* gen code to load integer constant using LDC */
		emitRM("LDC", ac, tree->attr.val, 0, "load const");
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- Const");
		break; /* ConstK */

	case IdK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> Id");
		loc = st_lookup(tree->attr.name);
		emitRM("LD", ac, loc, gp, "load id value");
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- Id");
		break; /* IdK */

	case OpK:
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("-> Op");
		p1 = tree->child[0];
		p2 = tree->child[1];
		/* gen code for ac = left arg */
		cGen(p1);
		/* gen code to push left operand */
		emitRM("ST", ac, tmpOffset--, mp, "op: push left");
		/* gen code for ac = right operand */
		cGen(p2);
		/* now load left operand */
		emitRM("LD", ac1, ++tmpOffset, mp, "op: load left");
		switch (tree->attr.op)
		{
		case PLUS:
			emitRO("ADD", ac, ac1, ac, "op +");
			break;
		case MINUS:
			emitRO("SUB", ac, ac1, ac, "op -");
			break;
		case TIMES:
			emitRO("MUL", ac, ac1, ac, "op *");
			break;
		case OVER:
			emitRO("DIV", ac, ac1, ac, "op /");
			break;
		case LT:
			emitRO("SUB", ac, ac1, ac, "op <");
			emitRM("JLT", ac, 2, pc, "br if true");
			emitRM("LDC", ac, 0, ac, "false case");
			emitRM("LDA", pc, 1, pc, "unconditional jmp");
			emitRM("LDC", ac, 1, ac, "true case");
			break;
		case EQ:
			emitRO("SUB", ac, ac1, ac, "op ==");
			emitRM("JEQ", ac, 2, pc, "br if true");
			emitRM("LDC", ac, 0, ac, "false case");
			emitRM("LDA", pc, 1, pc, "unconditional jmp");
			emitRM("LDC", ac, 1, ac, "true case");
			break;
		default:
			emitComment("BUG: Unknown operator");
			break;
		} /* case op */
		if (TraceCode)
			emitComment("<- Op");
		break; /* OpK */

	default:
		break;
	}
} /* genExp */

/* Procedure cGen recursively generates code by
 * tree traversal
 */
static void cGen(TreeNode * tree)
{
	if (tree != NULL)
	{
		switch (tree->nodekind)
		{
		case StmtK:
			genStmt(tree);
			break;
		case ExpK:
			genExp(tree);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
		cGen(tree->sibling);
	}
}

/**********************************************/
/* the primary function of the code generator */
/**********************************************/
/* Procedure codeGen generates code to a code
 * file by traversal of the syntax tree. The
 * second parameter (codefile) is the file name
 * of the code file, and is used to print the
 * file name as a comment in the code file
 */
void codeGen(TreeNode * syntaxTree, char * codefile)
{
	char * s = malloc(strlen(codefile) + 7);
	strcpy(s, "File: ");
	strcat(s, codefile);
	emitComment("TINY Compilation to TM Code");
	emitComment(s);
	/* generate standard prelude */
	emitComment("Standard prelude:");
	emitRM("LD", mp, 0, ac, "load maxaddress from location 0");
	emitRM("ST", ac, 0, ac, "clear location 0");
	emitComment("End of standard prelude.");
	/* generate code for TINY program */
	cGen(syntaxTree);
	/* finish */
	emitComment("End of execution.");
	emitRO("HALT", 0, 0, 0, "");
}