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<TITLE>The Hacking Truths Manual: What they don't teach in Manuals!!!</TITLE>
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<P><font face="Verdana">_____________________________________________________________________________</font></P>
<B><P><font face="Verdana">The Hacking Truths Manual---Net Tools By Ankit Fadia <<a href="mailto:ankit@bol.net.in">ankit@bol.net.in</a>></font></B><font face="Verdana"><br>
<font size="2">BSRF = <a href="http://blacksun.box.sk">http://blacksun.box.sk</a></font><br>
______________________________________________________________________</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Now that you know how to control the working of the Windows operating system lets go on to the basics of using Internet tools which are really useful for hacking.</font></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>Well to tell you the truth, Hacking would be much more easy if you were running some sort of Unix on your machine or if you had a shell account. I am writing this guide keeping in mind the Newbies who are probably stuck with Windows and I am pretty much sure that all those of you who are Linux Geeks will have no problem in figuring out doing the same
thing in Linux.</FONT></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">There is a common belief amongst people that Windoze is very insecure and it sucks but then on the other hand Red Hat too is not so great in the security sphere. There are nearly 50 known exploits to get root on a Linux box. The reason why hackers have found so many holes or bugs in Windows is due to the fact the Windows is the most widely used OS in the world and the largest number of Hackers have access to Windows and the largest number of people have a go at Windoze's Security. The only thing that is in support of Linux is the fact that it is free and the concept of Open Source and well, performance. What I want to say is that Linux's performance may be better but I do not agree to what all people say about the low Windoze
security. So what I think is that there is nothing wrong in Using a Windoze box for Hacking. Yes Linux does provide you access to some kewl hacking tools from the various shells but for Windows there are many third party freebies that allow you to do the same thing. Linux does make hacking easier but there is nothing wrong in using Windows for
Hacking. But for all those of you who think other wise you can and if your ISP does not give shell account you can use your Dial Up PPP account to login into a third party shell
account's get a free shell account go to <A HREF="http://www.cyberarmy.com/">www.cyberarmy.com</A> or
<A HREF="http://www.hobbiton.org/">www.hobbiton.org</A></font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Their service is pretty good.</font></P>
<B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Telnet</font></P>
</B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Telnet is the ultimate hacking tool which every hacker must know how to use before he can even think about Hacking into servers. Telnet is better described as a protocol which requires or runs on TCP\IP.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">It can be used to connect to remote computers and to run command line programs by simply typing commands into it抯 GUI window. Telnet does not use the resources of the client抯 computer but uses the resources of the server to which the client has connected. Basically it is a terminal emulation program that allows us to connect to remote computers. It is found at c:\windows\telnet.exe in Win9x systems and c:\winnt\system32\telnet.exe in NT machines.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">If the Path statement in your machine is set correctly then if you just type Telnet at the DOS prompt then it will bring a GUI Windows which actually is the Telnet program.</font></P>
<B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">How do I connect to remote computers using telnet?</font></P>
</B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Well it is really simple to connect to remote computers using
telnet. Well first launch the telnet application by typing telnet at the DOS prompt. Once the Telnet windows pops up click on</font> </P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Connect>Remote System then in the host name type the host
i.e. the remote computer you want to connect to. Then in the Port select the port you want to connect to in this case leave it to Telnet. Almost always leave the TermType to vt100.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">***********************</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Hacking Tip: You may be wondering what the Term Type stands for. Well actually it represents various kinds of display units. We use vt100 as it is compatible with most monitors.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">**********************</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Then click connect and you will be connected to the remote machine.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Now if you are a newbie you would be using the above method of telnetting to a remote computer and you would not be port surfing. Well if you really want to
learn to hack, port surfing is a must as without learning to port surf you will not be able to find out</font> </P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">The basic syntax of the telnet command is</font> </P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">C:\>telnet hostname.com</font> </P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Now let抯 go through this syntax, the word telnet is followed by the host name or the IP address of the host you want to connect to which is then followed by the port on the remote computer you want to connect
to. If you are confused by the new terms read on and things will become clearer.</font></P>
<B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">What exactly is an IP Address?</font></P>
</B><P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Like in the real world, everyone has got an individual Home Address or telephone number so that, that particular individual can be contacted on that number or address,
similarly all computers connected to the Internet are given a unique Internet Protocol or IP address which can be used to contact that particular computer. In geek language an IP address would be a decimal notation that divides the 32 bit Internet addresses (IP) into four 8 bit fields.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Does the IP address give me some information or do the numbers stand for anything?</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Let take the example of the following IP address: 202.144.49.110<br>
Now the first part , the numbers before the first decimal i.e. 209 is the Network number or the Network Prefix.. This means that it identifies the number of the network in which the host is.<br>
The second part i.e. 144 is the Host Number, that is it identifies the number of the host within the Network.<br>
This means that in the same Network, the network number is same.<br>
In order to provide flexibility in the size of the Network ,there are different classes of IP addresses:<br>
</font>
<Pre><font face="Verdana" size="2">Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation Ranges
Class A ( /8 Prefixes) 1.xxx.xxx.xxx through 126.xxx.xxx.xxx
Class B ( /16 Prefixes) 128.0.xxx.xxx through 191.255.xxx.xxx
Class C ( /24 Prefixes) 192.0.0.xxx through 223.255.255.xxx
</font></pre>
<font face="Verdana" size="2">
The various classes will be more clear after reading the next few lines.</font>
<p><font face="Verdana" size="2">Each Class A Network Address contains a 8 bit Network Prefix followed by a 24 bit host
number. They are considered to be primitive. They are referred to as "/8''s" or just "8's" as they have a 8 bit Network prefix.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">In a Class B Network Address there is a 16 bit Network Prefix followed by a 16 bit Host number. It is
referred to as "16's".</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">A class C Network address contains a 24 bit Network Prefix and a 8 bit Host number. It is
referred to as "24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's.</font> </P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>Due to the growing size of the Internet the Network Administrators faced many problems. The Internet routing tables were beginning to grow and now the administrators had to request another network number from the Internet before a new network could be installed at their site.
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>This is where subnetting caame in. Now if your ISP is a big one and if it provides you with dynamic IP addresses then you will most probably see that whenever you log on to the net, your IP address will have the same first 24 bits and only the last 8 bits will keep changing. This is due to the fact that when subnetting comes in then the IP Addresses structure becomes:
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>xxx.xxx.zzz.yyy
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>where the first 2 parts are Network Prefix numbers and the zzz is the Subnet number and the yyy is the host number. So you are always connected to the same Subnet within the same Network.
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size=2>As a result the first 3 parts will remain same and only the last part i.e. yyy is variable.
</FONT></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">You may be wondering, what happeded to 127 as after 126.xxx.xxx.xxx there is straightaway 128.0.xxx.xxx.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Well 127.0.0.1 is reserved for the loopback function, this means that it refers to the localhost, this means that if you try to telnet to 127.0.0.1 , then the Telnet client will try to connect to your own computer.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">IP addresses can be of to types Dynamic and Static.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">Now most of us connect to the Internet by dialing into our ISP through Dial up Networking and using PPP( Point to Point Protocol). Now when you connect to your ISP抯 server you are assigned a unique IP number which is then used to transfer data to and from your computer. That becomes your address. Now the IP address that you are assigned changes everytime your connect to your ISP i.e. you are assigned a new different IP every time you dial into your ISP, that is how it becomes Dynamic.This means that if you have obtained the IP address of a person once, then if he disconnects and reconnects then you will have to get his IP address again.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">While other ISP抯 provide you with a permanent IP address as soon as you register with them. In that case your IP remains the same every time you connect to their server and is thus known as a permanent Ip address.</font></P>
<P><font face="Verdana" size="2">*******************</font></P>
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