if startup_pending = '1' then
					if startup_timer < tSTARTUP_NOP_CYCLES then
						startup_timer <= startup_timer + 1;
						state <= initialize after hold_time;
					else
						state <= precharge after hold_time;
					end if;	 				 
				elsif refresh_req = '1' and aref_enable = '1' then
					refresh_done_flg <= '1';
					state <= auto_refresh after hold_time;	
				elsif nAS_WAITING = '1' then 
					aref_enable <= '0';
					refresh_done_flg <= '0';
					state <= active after hold_time;				
				else 
					refresh_done_flg <= '0';
				end if;
				
				--------------------------
				-- PRECHARGE command	  
				--------------------------
				when precharge =>	 
				nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nRAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
				nWE <= '0' after hold_time;	 
				A(10) <= '1'; -- precharge all banks  
				
				if execute_nop = '1' then
					nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
					nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nWE <= '1' after hold_time;		
				end if;
				
				-- if burst size 1 or 2
				if burst_size(2 downto 1) = "00" then
					nDTACK <= '1';
				end if;
				
				if wait_counter < tRP_CYCLES then
					wait_counter <= wait_counter + 1;
					execute_nop <= '1';
				else
					execute_nop <= '0';
					wait_counter <= 0;
					
					if startup_pending = '1' then 
						state <= auto_refresh after hold_time;
					else
						state <= nop after hold_time;
					end if;	
				end if;
				
				-------------------------
				-- AUTO REFRESH command
				-------------------------
				when auto_refresh =>
				nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nRAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nCAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nWE <= '1' after hold_time;	
				
				if execute_nop = '1' then
					nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
					nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nWE <= '1' after hold_time;		
				end if;
				
				if wait_counter < (tRFC_CYCLES-1)+conv_integer(startup_pending) then
					wait_counter <= wait_counter + 1; 
					execute_nop <= '1';
				else   
					execute_nop <= '0';
					wait_counter <= 0;
					if init_refreshes < init_ref_cycles-1 then
						init_refreshes <= init_refreshes + 1;
					else
						if startup_pending = '1' then
							state <= set_ModeRegister after hold_time;
						else
							state <= nop after hold_time;
						end if;
					end if;
				end if;	  
				
				-------------------------
				-- ACTIVE command
				-------------------------
				when active =>
				nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nRAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
				nWE <= '1' after hold_time;
				A <= row_addr after hold_time;
				BS <= bank_numb after hold_time;  
				
				if execute_nop = '1' then
					nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
					nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nWE <= '1' after hold_time;		
				end if;
				
				if wait_counter < tRCD_CYCLES then
					wait_counter <= wait_counter + 1;
					execute_nop <= '1';
				else
					execute_nop <= '0';
					wait_counter <= 0;
					if WnR_S = '1' then
						state <= write after hold_time;	  
						nDTACK <= '0' after hold_time;
					else
						state <= read after hold_time;
					end if;	   
				end if;
				
				------------------------
				-- READ command
				------------------------ 
				when read =>
				nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
				nCAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nWE <= '1' after hold_time;	 
				DQM <= nLBE_s after hold_time;
				A(column_length-1 downto 0) <= col_addr after hold_time;
				A(10) <= auto_precharge;				
				
				if execute_nop = '1' then
					nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
					nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nWE <= '1' after hold_time;		
				end if;
				
				if CAS_counter < CAS_LATENCY then
					CAS_counter <= CAS_counter + 1;
					execute_nop <= '1';
				else	  
					if burst_size = "000" then
						state <= precharge after hold_time; 
						aref_enable <= '1';
						execute_nop <= '0';
						nDTACK <= '0' after hold_time;
					else 
						CAS_counter <= 0;	   
						execute_nop <= '0';	  
						nDTACK <= '0' after hold_time;
						state <= read_data after hold_time;
					end if;					
				end if;	  
				case burst_size is 
					
					-- burst size of 2
					when "001" =>
					wait_counter <= 5; 
					
					-- burst size of 4
					when "010" =>
					wait_counter <= 4;
					
					-- burst size of 8 or no burst
					when others =>
					wait_counter <= 0; 
				end case;
				
				------------------------
				-- reading data
				------------------------
				when read_data =>	
				
				if wait_counter = 5 then	 
					state <= precharge after hold_time;
					aref_enable <= '1';
					wait_counter <= 0;
				else
					wait_counter <= wait_counter + 1;
				end if;	   
				
				------------------------
				-- WRITE command
				------------------------
				when write =>		  
				nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
				nCAS <= '0' after hold_time;
				nWE <= '0' after hold_time;
				DQM <= nLBE_s after hold_time;
				A(10) <= auto_precharge; 
				A(column_length+1 downto column_length) <= "00" after hold_time;
				A(column_length-1 downto 0) <= col_addr after hold_time;
				nDTACK <= '1' after hold_time;	  
				
				if execute_nop = '1' then
					nCS <= '0' after hold_time;
					nRAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nCAS <= '1' after hold_time;
					nWE <= '1' after hold_time;		
				end if;	
				
				if wait_counter < tWR_CYCLES then
					wait_counter <= wait_counter + 1;
					execute_nop <= '1';
				else
					execute_nop <= '0';
					wait_counter <= 0;			
					aref_enable <= '1';
					state <= precharge after hold_time;	
				end if;
				
				when others =>
				nDTACK <= '1' after hold_time;
				state <= nop;
				nCS <= '1';
				nRAS <= '1';
				nCAS <= '1'; 
				nWE <= '1';
				BS <= (others => '0');
				CKE <= '1';
				DQM <= (others => '1');	 
				A <= (others => '0');	
			end case;
		end if;
		
	end process;
	
	-- generate refresh counts and requests
	refresh_process: process (CLK, nRST) is
	begin  
		if nRST = '0' then     
			
			refresh_timer <= 0;
			refresh_req <= '0';	 
			
		elsif rising_edge(CLK) then  
			
			if refresh_timer < tREF_CYCLES then				
				refresh_req <= '0';
				refresh_timer <= refresh_timer + 1;			
			elsif refresh_done_flg = '1' then			
				refresh_req <= '0';
				refresh_timer <= 0;			
			else			
				refresh_req <= '1';			
			end if;		
		end if;	  
		
	end process refresh_process; 
	
	
end SDR_CTRL;