;**** A P P L I C A T I O N   N O T E   A V R 3 0 5 ************************
;*
;* Title		: Half Duplex Interrupt Driven Software UART
;* Version		: 1.1
;* Last updated		: 97.08.27
;* Target		: AT90Sxxxx (All AVR Device)
;*
;* Support email	: avr@atmel.com
;*
;* Code Size		: 32 Words
;* Low Register Usage	: 0
;* High Register Usage	: 4
;* Interrupt Usage	: None
;*
;* DESCRIPTION
;* This Application note contains a very code efficient software UART.
;* The example program receives one character and echoes it back.
;***************************************************************************

.include "1200def.inc"

;***** Pin definitions

.equ	RxD	=0			;Receive pin is PD0
.equ	TxD	=1			;Transmit pin is PD1

;***** Global register variables

.def	bitcnt	=R16			;bit counter
.def	temp	=R17			;temporary storage register

.def	Txbyte	=R18			;Data to be transmitted
.def	RXbyte	=R19			;Received data

.cseg
.org 0

;***************************************************************************
;*
;* "putchar"
;*
;* This subroutine transmits the byte stored in the "Txbyte" register
;* The number of stop bits used is set with the sb constant
;*
;* Number of words	:14 including return
;* Number of cycles	:Depens on bit rate
;* Low registers used	:None
;* High registers used	:2 (bitcnt,Txbyte)
;* Pointers used	:None
;*
;***************************************************************************
.equ		sb	=1		;Number of stop bits (1, 2, ...)

putchar:	ldi	bitcnt,9+sb	;1+8+sb (sb is # of stop bits)
		com	Txbyte		;Inverte everything
		sec			;Start bit

putchar0:	brcc	putchar1	;If carry set
		cbi	PORTD,TxD	;    send a '0'
		rjmp	putchar2	;else	

putchar1:	sbi	PORTD,TxD	;    send a '1'
		nop

putchar2:	rcall UART_delay	;One bit delay
		rcall UART_delay

		lsr	Txbyte		;Get next bit
		dec	bitcnt		;If not all bit sent
		brne	putchar0	;   send next
					;else
		ret			;   return


;***************************************************************************
;*
;* "getchar"
;*
;* This subroutine receives one byte and returns it in the "Rxbyte" register
;*
;* Number of words	:14 including return
;* Number of cycles	:Depens on when data arrives
;* Low registers used	:None
;* High registers used	:2 (bitcnt,Rxbyte)
;* Pointers used	:None
;*
;***************************************************************************

getchar:	ldi 	bitcnt,9	;8 data bit + 1 stop bit

getchar1:	sbic 	PIND,RxD	;Wait for start bit
		rjmp 	getchar1

		rcall UART_delay	;0.5 bit delay

getchar2:	rcall UART_delay	;1 bit delay
		rcall UART_delay		

		clc			;clear carry
		sbic 	PIND,RxD	;if RX pin high
		sec			;

		dec 	bitcnt		;If bit is stop bit
		breq 	getchar3	;   return
					;else
		ror 	Rxbyte		;   shift bit into Rxbyte
		rjmp 	getchar2	;   go get next

getchar3:	ret


;***************************************************************************
;*
;* "UART_delay"
;*
;* This delay subroutine generates the required delay between the bits when
;* transmitting and receiving bytes. The total execution time is set by the
;* constant "b":
;*
;*	3穊 + 7 cycles (including rcall and ret)
;*
;* Number of words	:4 including return
;* Low registers used	:None
;* High registers used	:1 (temp)
;* Pointers used	:None
;*
;***************************************************************************
; Some b values: 	(See also table in Appnote documentation)
;
; 1 MHz crystal:
;   9600 bps - b=14
;  19200 bps - b=5
;  28800 bps - b=2
;
; 2 MHz crystal:
;  19200 bps - b=14
;  28800 bps - b=8
;  57600 bps - b=2

; 4 MHz crystal:
;  19200 bps - b=31
;  28800 bps - b=19
;  57600 bps - b=8
; 115200 bps - b=2

.equ	b	=31	;19200 bps @ 4 MHz crystal


UART_delay:	ldi	temp,b
UART_delay1:	dec	temp
		brne	UART_delay1

		ret

;***** Program Execution Starts Here

;***** Test program

reset:		sbi	PORTD,TxD	;Init port pins
		sbi	DDRD,TxD

		ldi	Txbyte,12	;Clear terminal
		rcall	putchar

forever:	rcall	getchar
		mov	Txbyte,Rxbyte
		rcall	putchar		;Echo received char
		rjmp	forever