package book.j2se5.thread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * Java 5.0里新加了4個協調線程間進程的同步裝置，它們分別是：
 * Semaphore, CountDownLatch, CyclicBarrier和Exchanger.
 * 本例主要介紹Semaphore。
 * Semaphore是用來管理一個資源池的工具，可以看成是個通行證，
 * 線程要想從資源池拿到資源必須先拿到通行證，
 * 如果線程暫時拿不到通行證，線程就會被阻斷進入等待狀態。
 */
public class SemaphoreTest {
	/**
	 * 模擬資源池的類
	 * 只為池發放2個通行證，即同時只允許2個線程獲得池中的資源。
	 */
	public static class Pool {
		// 保存資源池中的資源
		ArrayList<String> pool = null;
		// 通行證
		Semaphore pass = null;
		Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
		public Pool(int size) {
			// 初始化資源池
			pool = new ArrayList<String>();
			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				pool.add("Resource " + i);
			}
			// 發放2個通行證
			pass = new Semaphore(2);
		}

		public String get() throws InterruptedException {
			// 獲取通行證,只有得到通行證后才能得到資源
			System.out.println("Try to get a pass...");
			pass.acquire();
			System.out.println("Got a pass");
			return getResource();
		}

		public void put(String resource) {
			// 歸還通行證，并歸還資源
			System.out.println("Released a pass");
			pass.release();
			releaseResource(resource);
		}

		private String getResource() {
			lock.lock();
			String result = pool.remove(0);
			System.out.println("資源 " + result + " 被取走");
			lock.unlock();
			return result;
		}

		private void releaseResource(String resource) {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("資源 " + resource + " 被歸還");
			pool.add(resource);
			lock.unlock();
		} 
	}
	
	public static void testPool() {
		// 準備10個資源的資源池
		final Pool aPool = new Pool(10);
		Runnable worker = new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				String resource = null;
				try {
					//取得resource
					resource = aPool.get();
					//用resource做工作
					System.out.println("I am working on " + resource);
					Thread.sleep(500);
					System.out.println("I finished on " + resource);
				} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
				}
				//歸還resource
				aPool.put(resource);
			}
		};
		// 啟動5個任務
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			service.submit(worker);
		}
		service.shutdown();
	} 
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SemaphoreTest.testPool();
	}
}