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<TITLE>Smart Card Developer's Kit:Some Basic Standards for Smart Cards</TITLE>
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<P><BR></P>
<P>As by no means an exhaustive list but rather to simply give you some starting points for further search, Tables 3.7 and 3.8 list some further standards and specifications that are influencing the deployment and evolution of smart cards.
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION ALIGN=LEFT><B>Table 3.7.</B> Examples of smart card standards.
<TR>
<TH WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="LEFT">Standard
<TH WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="LEFT">Subject Area
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>International Standards Organization</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>ISO 639
<TD>Languages, countries, and authorities
<TR>
<TD>ISO 646
<TD>7-bit coded character set
<TR>
<TD>ISO 3166
<TD>Names of countries
<TR>
<TD>ISO 4217
<TD>Currencies and funds
<TR>
<TD>ISO/IEC 7501
<TD>Travel documents
<TR>
<TD>ISO/IEC 7810,7811, 7812
<TD>Magnetic stripe cards
<TR>
<TD>ISO/IEC 7813
<TD>Financial transactions
<TR>
<TD>ISO 8601
<TD>Dates and times
<TR>
<TD>ISO 8859
<TD>8-bit coded character set
<TR>
<TD>ISO 9564
<TD>PIN management
<TR>
<TD>ISO 9797
<TD>Data cryptographic techniques
<TR>
<TD>ISO 9992
<TD>Messages between card and terminal
<TR>
<TD>ISO 10202
<TD>Financial transaction cards
<TR>
<TD>ISO 10536
<TD>Contactless integrated circuit cards
<TR>
<TD>ISO 11568
<TD>Cryptographic key management
<TR>
<TD>ISO 11694
<TD>Optical memory cards
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>ETSI TE9
<TD>Card terminals
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">GSM 11.4
<TD>Subscriber identification module (SIM) cards for GSM cellular telephones
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>European Committee for Standardization (CEN)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>TC 224
<TD>Machine-readable cards
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">EN 726
<TD>Requirements for IC cards and terminals for telecommunications use
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Commission of the European Union (CEU)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>ITSEC
<TD>Information technology security evaluation criteria
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>ECMA-219
<TD>Key distribution
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>International Telecommunication Union (ITU)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>X.400
<TD>Secure email
<TR>
<TD>X.509
<TD>Authentication framework
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>American National Standards Institute (ANSI)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">ANSI X9.15-1990 (R1996)
<TD>Specification for financial message exchange between card acceptor and acquirer
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">ANSI X9.8-1995
<TD>Banking—personal identification number management and security, Part 1: PIN protection principles and techniques; and Part 2: approved algorithms for PIN encipherment
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">ANSI X3.15-1975 (R1996)
<TD>Bit sequencing of the American National Standard Code for Information Interchange in serial-by-bit data transmission
<TR>
<TD>ANSI X3.118 (1984)
<TD>PIN pad specification
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><I>U.S. National Institute for Standards and Testing (NIST)</I>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>FIPS 140-1
<TD>Cryptographic tokens
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
</TABLE>
<P>
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION ALIGN=LEFT><B>Table 3.8.</B> Examples of smart card specifications.
<TR>
<TH WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="LEFT">Specification
<TH WIDTH="25%" ALIGN="LEFT">Sponsor(s)
<TH WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="LEFT">URL
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="3"><HR>
<TR>
<TD>Integration of Smart Cards into the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Open Group
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.opengroup.org">www.opengroup.org</A>
<TR>
<TD>RFC 86.0—Unified Login with PAM
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Open Group
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.opengroup.org">www.opengroup.org</A>
<TR>
<TD>RFC 57.0 Smart Card Introduction
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Open Group
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.opengroup.org">www.opengroup.org</A>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">ISI-3 (IBM Smartcard Identification)
<TD>IBM and the University of Twente
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.iscit.surfnet.nl">www.iscit.surfnet.nl</A>
<TR>
<TD>International Chip Electronic Commercial Standard
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Visa
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.visa.com">www.visa.com</A>
<TR>
<TD>Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) Specification
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Visa
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.visa.com">www.visa.com</A>
<TR>
<TD>Java Card 2.0
<TD>Sun Microsystems
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.javasoft.com">www.javasoft.com</A>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">IATA 791—Airline Ticketing
<TD VALIGN="TOP">International Airline Travel Association
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.iata.org">www.iata.org</A>
<TR>
<TD>PKCS #11 Cryptographic Token Interface Standard
<TD VALIGN="TOP">RSADSI
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.rsa.com">www.rsa.com</A>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Electronic ID Application
<TD>Secured Electronic Information in Society (SEIS)
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="http://library.cs.tuiasi.ro/hardware/smart-card-developer-kit/ch03/www.seis.se">www.seis.se</A>
<TR>
<TD>ICC Specification for Payment Systems (EMV’96)
<TD>Europay, MasterCard, Visa
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.mastercard.com">www.mastercard.com</A>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Standards 30 and 40—Card Terminals
<TD>Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS)
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">OpenCard Framework
<TD>IBM, Netscape, NCI, and Sun Microsystems
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.opencard.com">www.opencard.com</A>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">PC/SC Workgroup
<TD>Bull, HP, Microsoft, Schlumberger, and Siemens Nixdorf
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="www.smartcardsys.com">www.smartcardsys.com</A>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="3"><HR>
</TABLE>
<H3><A NAME="Heading9"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Summary</FONT></H3>
<P>This chapter describes the international standards basis for the characteristics and form factors of identity cards, including a variety of mechanisms for encoding information used in transactions that the cards must support. This chapter also considers the addition of integrated circuit chips to such cards, the mechanisms involved in establishing a communication channel between a reader of such cards, and the cards themselves. Chapter 4, “Smart Card Commands,” details the two most prevalent protocols used between readers and cards (the T=0 protocol and the T=1 protocol).
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