<DL>
<DD>APDU structures, 271-272
<DD>Append Record, 279-280
<DD>Erase Binary, 276-277
<DD>file system, 272
<DD>Get Data, 281-282
<DD>Put Data, 282-283
<DD>Read Binary, 273-274
<DD>Read Record, 277-278
<DD>security status, 272
<DD>Select File, 283-284
<DD>Update Binary, 275-276
<DD>Update Record, 280-281
<DD>Write Binary, 274-275
<DD>Write Record, 278-279
</DL>
<DD>ISO/IEC 7816-4
<DL>
<DD>Envelope, 289-290
<DD>External Authenticate, 286-287
<DD>Get Challenge, 287
<DD>Get Response, 288-289
<DD>Internal Authenticate, 285-286
<DD>Manage Channel, 287-288
<DD>Verify, 284-285
</DL>
<DD>Java Card 1.0 bootstrap loader, 255-256
<DD>Manage Channel, 75, 80
<DD>Multiflex cards, 104-106, 183
<DL>
<DD>Change PIN, 292
<DD>Create File, 293-294
<DD>Create Record, 294-295
<DD>Decrease, 295-297
<DD>Delete File, 297-298
<DD>External Authentication, 298-299
<DD>Get Challenge, 299-300
<DD>Get Response, 300-301
<DD>Increase, 301-302
<DD>Internal Authentication, 302-303
<DD>Invalidate, 304-305
<DD>Read Binary, 305-306
<DD>Read Record, 306-307
<DD>Rehabilitate, 307-309
<DD>Seek, 309-310
<DD>Select File, 310-311
<DD>Unblock PIN, 311-312
<DD>Update Binary, 312-314
<DD>Update Record, 314-315
<DD>Verify Key, 316-317
<DD>Verify PIN, 315-316
</DL>
<DD>PIN change/Unblock, 160
<DD>Put Data, 78
<DD>Read Binary, 75, 92, 105
<DD>Read Record, 76-77, 102, 105, 160
<DD>Rehabilitate, 87, 105
<DD>Schlumberger Cryptoflex cards, 165
<DD>Seek, 105
<DD>Select, 105, 160
<DD>Select File, 74-75, 85, 91
<DD>Set Application Flag, 252
<DD>Set Default ATR, 255-256
<DD>T=0 protocol, 60
<DL>
<DD>CLAinstruction sets, 62-63
<DD>header fields, 61-62
<DD>header parameters, 64-65
</DL>
<DD>T=1 protocol, 65
<DL>
<DD>blocks, 66-67
</DL>
<DD>Unblock PIN, 105
<DD>Update Binary, 76, 99-100
<DD>Update Record, 77-78
<DD>Verify, 78-79, 127, 160
<DD>Verify Key, 98, 105
<DD>Verify PIN, 94, 100, 105
<DD>Write Binary, 75-76
<DD>Write Record, 77, 164
</DL>
<DD><B>Commission of the European Union, <I>see</I> CEU</B>
<DD><B>communications, 14</B>
<DD><B>COMP128, 321</B>
<DD><B>compilers, 136-137</B>
<DD><B>components</B>
<DL>
<DD>identification numbers, 40-41
<DD>smart cards, 23, 27
</DL>
<DD><B>computations, 5</B>
<DD><B>contact cards, 322</B>
<DD><B>contactless cards, 22, 322</B>
<DD><B>contacts</B>
<DL>
<DD>definitions, 45
<DD>electrical, 44
<DD>idle states, 47
<DD>locations, 45-46
<DD>measurements, 44
<DD>shapes, 45-46
<DD>sizes, 45-46
<DD>states before card resets, 47
</DL>
<DD><B>controls</B>
<DL>
<DD>hierarchial access, 111
<DD>master files, 86-87
</DL>
<DD><B>core, 322</B>
<DD><B>COS (card operating system), 322</B>
<DD><B>cost, smart cards, 4</B>
<DD><B>counterfeit cards, 170-171</B>
<DL>
<DD>soft masks, 174
</DL>
<DD><B>CPUs (central processing units), 3, 16, 322</B>
<DD><B>Create File command (Multiflex), 87, 98, 103-104, 293-294</B>
<DD><B>Create function, 151</B>
<DD><B>Create Record command (Multiflex), 104, 294-295</B>
<DD><B>credit cards, global market, 33-34</B>
<DD><B>CRT (chinese remainder theorem), 322</B>
<DD><B>Cryptographic application programming interface, <I>see</I> CAPI</B>
<DD><B>cryptography, 11-12</B>
<DL>
<DD>API (application programming interface), 147
<DD>coprocessor, 322
<DD>keys, 94-95
<DL>
<DD>public keys, 26, 216
</DL>
<DD>smart cards, 164-165
</DL>
<DD><B>Cryptography class functions, 197</B>
<DD><B>CRYPTPROV interface functions, 152</B>
<DD><B>custom smart cards, 10</B>
<DD><B>Cyberflex</B>
<DL>
<DD>1.0 Java API, 184-185
<DD>2.0 Core API functions, 192-196
<DD>programmer&#146;s manual, 256
<DD>Web site, 191
<DD><I>see also</I> FlexCash cards
</DL>
<DD><B>cyclic files, 13-14, 74, 102-104, 322</B>
<DL>
<DD>electronic purses, handling transactions, 102
<DD>lengths, 100
<DD>transaction logs, 102
<DD>wrapping around, 102
</DL>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>D</B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>DAD byte (Destination address), 67</B>
<DD><B>Danmont, 322</B>
<DD><B>data</B>
<DL>
<DD>authenticating, statis and dynamic, 160-161
<DD>integrity, 4, 18-19
<DD>security, 4, 18
<DD>smart cards and readers, 48-49
</DL>
<DD><B>daughter cards, 322</B>
<DD><B>DCE (Distributed Computing Environment), 125</B>
<DL>
<DD>Personal Security Module URL, 147
<DD>PSM (Personal Security Module), 165-166
<DD>Snare software, 124-125
</DL>
<DD><B>DEA (Data Encryption Algorithm), 322</B>
<DD><B>debugging, 137</B>
<DL>
<DD>manufacturers of debuggers, 138-139
<DD>software, card-side, 176-177
</DL>
<DD><B>Decrease command (Multiflex), 102-104, 252, 295-297</B>
<DD><B>Decrypt function, 152</B>
<DD><B>dedicated files, 73</B>
<DD><B>Delete File command (Multiflex), 104, 297-298</B>
<DD><B>Delete function, 151</B>
<DD><B>DeriveKey function, 152</B>
<DD><B>DES algorithm, 12</B>
<DD><B>design</B>
<DL>
<DD>FlexCash cards, 251-252
<DD>Smart Shopper cards, 229-230
</DL>
<DD><B>Detach function, 150</B>
<DD><B>Dethloff, J&#252;rgen (co-inventor of smart cards), 4, 322</B>
<DD><B>DF (dedicated files), 322</B>
<DD><B>diagrams, smart cards and readers, 47</B>
<DD><B>Diffie-Hellman protocol, 220</B>
<DD><B>digital certificates, 322</B>
<DL>
<DD>public keys, 160-161
</DL>
<DD><B>digital signatures, 214-215, 323</B>
<DD><B>direct convention, 49</B>
<DD><B>directories</B>
<DL>
<DD>domains, 158
<DD>elementary files, 109
<DD>EMV&#146;96 payment system, 158-159
<DD>IATA air travel, 158
<DD>merchants, 231
<DD>Multiflex cards, 85-89
<DD>PIN variables, 109
</DL>
<DD><B>Directory command, 86, 89</B>
<DD><B>Directory/File Attributes window (EZ Formatter), 120</B>
<DD><B>DisplayText function, 182</B>
<DD><B>Distributed Computing Environment, <I>see</I> DCE</B>
<DD><B>distribution state, magnetic stripe cards, 40</B>
<DD><B>diversified key, 91, 323</B>
<DD><B>DLLs (dynamic link libraries), SSPs (Smart Card service providers), 152</B>
<DD><B>domains</B>
<DL>
<DD>directories, 158
<DD>specific, 150
</DL>
<DD><B>Done handler, 245-246</B>
<DD><B>DSA (digital signature algorithm), 323</B>
<DD><B>DSS (Digital Signature Standard), 323</B>
<DD><B>dynamic link libraries, <I>see</I> DDLs</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>E</B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>E-Bucks</B>
<DL>
<DD>code
<DL>
<DD>card-side, 265-266
<DD>reader-side, 267
</DL>
<DD>e-cash
<DL>
<DD>implementing, 262-263
<DD>protocol, 262-265
</DL>
</DL>
<DD><B>e-cash</B>
<DL>
<DD>cards, 323
<DD>protocols, 262-265
<DD>standard, 251
</DL>
<DD><B>E-purse (electronic purse), 324</B>
<DD><B>ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association), 55</B>
<DD><B>ECMA-219, 55</B>
<DD><B>Editing completion handler, 246</B>
<DD><B>Editor, window (EZ Formatter), 122</B>
<DD><B>editors</B>
<DL>
<DD>FlexCash cards, 255-262
<DD>smart cards, 116-117, 330
<DL>
<DD>EZ Formatter, 118-123
</DL>
</DL>
<DD><B>EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), 25, 63, 323</B>
<DL>
<DD>application flags, 252
<DD>Multiflex carads, 111
<DD>tracking usage, 111-112
</DL>
<DD><B>EFT (electronic funds transfer), 323</B>
<DD><B>electrical contacts, 44</B>
<DD><B>electronic purses, 102-104</B>
<DD><B>electronic wallet, 323</B>
<DD><B>elementary files (EFs), 88</B>
<DL>
<DD>access conditions, updating, 88
<DD>authentication states, 109
<DD>characteristics, 73-74
<DD>fileIds, 90
<DD>selecting, 90-94
<DD>serial number files, 90
<DD>transport key files, 90
</DL>
<DD><B>Elliptic curve algorithm, 12</B>
<DD><B>email addresses, 147-148</B>
<DD><B>embossed cards, 37</B>
<DL>
<DD>return cards, 40
<DD>unused cards, 40
</DL>
<DD><B>emulation, debugging or testing, 176-177</B>
<DD><B>emulators, 139, 323</B>
<DL>
<DD>manufacturers, 140
</DL>
<DD><B>EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa), 157-158, 323</B>
<DL>
<DD>commands, 159-160
<DD>data, authenticating, 160-161
<DD>digital certificates, 160-161
<DD>IATA (International Air Transport Association), 164
<DD>payment system
<DL>
<DD>directory, 158-159
<DD>transaction, 158-159
</DL>
<DD>SET 2.0, 162
<DD>smart card architecture, 158
<DD>specification, 157-159
<DD>URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 147
<DD>Visa ICC (integrated circuit card), 161-162
</DL>
<DD><B>EN 726, 54, 324</B>
<DD><B>EN 742, 324</B>
<DD><B>encoding</B>
<DL>
<DD>characters, recording techniques, 38
<DD>identification cards, 37, 39
</DL>
<DD><B>Encrypt function, 152</B>
<DD><B>encryption, 12</B>
<DL>
<DD>algorithms, 12
<DD>bulk, 221
<DD>symmetric keys, 210-212
</DL>
<DD><B>Enter PIN button handler, 244</B>
<DD><B>Envelope command (ISO/IEC 7816-4), 80, 289-290</B>
<DD><B>EP (electronic purse), 324</B>
<DD><B>erasable and programmable read-only memory, <I>see</I> EEPROM</B>
<DD><B>Erase Binary command (ISO 7816-4), 76, 276-277</B>
<DD><B>errors, detection, 60-61</B>
<DD><B>ESCAT (European Smart Card Application and Technology), 324</B>
<DD><B>ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute), 54, 181, 324</B>
<DD><B>European Computer Manufacturers Association, <I>see</I> ECMA</B>
<DD><B>European Telecommunications Standards Institute, <I>see</I> ETSI</B>
<DD><B>Execute Application command, 255-256</B>
<DD><B>Execute function, 196</B>
<DD><B>Export function, 152</B>
<DD><B>external authentication, 106-109, 111</B>
<DL>
<DD>External Authentication command (Multiflex), 98, 104, 298-299
</DL>
<DD><B>external descriptions, 126-127</B>
<DD><B>EZ Component, 126-128</B>
<DD><B>EZ Formatter</B>
<DL>
<DD>commands, 122
<DD>files, 119
<DD>readers, 123
<DD>smart cards, 123
<DD>toolbar, 118
<DD>User&#146;s Guide, 123
<DD>windows
<DL>
<DD>Access Conditions, 121
<DD>Advanced Controls, 123
<DD>Attributes, 119
<DD>Builder, 120
<DD>Builder interface, 121
<DD>Directory/File Attributes, 120
<DD>Editor, 122
<DD>Log, 118-119
<DD>Security Manager, 119
<DD>Status Display, 118
</DL>
</DL>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>F</B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>fields, 291</B>
<DL>
<DD>INS, 325
<DD>RFU (reserved for future use), 291
<DD>T=1 protocol blocks, 66-67
</DL>
<DD><B>file systems, 13-14</B>
<DL>
<DD>ISO/IEC 7816-4, 71-72
<DL>
<DD>dedicated file characteristics, 73
<DD>elementary file characteristics, 73-74
<DD>master file characteristics, 73
</DL>
<DD><I>see also</I> files
</DL>
<DD><B>FILEACCESS routines, 151</B>
<DD><B>files</B>
<DL>
<DD>3F00<SUB>16</SUB> file, 85
<DD>access conditions, 88
<DD>ACLs (Access Control Lists), 13, 219
<DD>authentication key files
<DL>
<DD>controlling, 93
<DD>format of internal/external, 96-98
<DD>updating, 98-100
</DL>
<DD>C header, 152-156
<DD>creating, 119-120
<DD>cyclic, 13-14, 74, 102-104, 322
<DL>
<DD>electronic purses, handing transactions, 102
<DD>lengths, 100
<DD>transaction logs, 102
<DD>wrapping around, 102
</DL>
<DD>deleting, 119-120
<DD>DFs (dedicated files), 322
<DD>EFs (elementary files), 88, 323
<DL>
<DD>authentication states, 109
<DD>fileIds, 90
<DD>selecting, 90-94
<DD>serial number, 90
<DD>updating access conditions, 88
</DL>
<DD>EZ Formatter, 123
<DD>internal authentication, 107
<DD>ISO 7816-4 commands, 272
<DD>key files, 94-98
<DD>linear, 13-14, 327
<DD>managing, 121
<DD>master
<DL>
<DD>changing, 119
<DD>file controls, 86-87
<DD>making as current file, 85
</DL>
<DD>merchants
<DL>
<DD>external authentication, 232
<DD>managing, 236-237
</DL>
<DD>MF (master file), 327
<DD>Multiflex cards, 85
<DL>
<DD>file types, 87-88
<DD>standard key files, 95
</DL>
<DD>operations, 88-89
<DD>paths, 328
<DD>PINs (personal identification numbers), 98-100
<DD>purse, 13-14, 329
<DD>records, 74
<DL>
<DD>lengths, 100
<DD>Seek, 100-102
</DL>
<DD>serial number files, 90-92
<DD>SIM, 14
<DD>Smart Commerce Solutions, 232
<DD>Smart Shopper cards
<DL>
<DD>access conditions, 236-237
<DD>cardholder personal data, 232
<DD>cumulative purchases, 233-234
<DD>frequent buyer points, 232-233
<DD>layout, 230
<DD>master, 231
<DD>merchant external authentication, 232
<DD>sizes, 234-235
<DD>want lists, 233-234
</DL>
<DD>software (card-side), designing, 178-179
<DD>transparent, 13-14, 74, 88, 332
<DL>
<DD>reading bytes, 92
</DL>
<DD><I>see also</I> file systems
</DL>
<DD><B>financial transaction cards, specifications, 41</B>
<DD><B>FIPS 140-1, 55, 324</B>
<DD><B>firewalls, ITSEC E6 certified, 183</B>
<DD><B>firmware, 31</B>
<DD><B>FLASH, 324</B>
<DD><B>FlexCash cards, 249-250</B>
<DL>
<DD>application flags, 252
<DD>browsers, 255-262
<DD>code
<DL>
<DD>E-Bucks card-side, 265-266
<DD>E-Bucks reader-side, 267