//用某一塊的同步代替對整個方法的同步.
//用個安全線程保護一個類不安全線程.
import java.util.*;
class Pair { // 線程不安全的.
	private int x, y;
	public Pair(int x, int y) {
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}
	public Pair() { this(0, 0); }
	public int getX() { return x; }
	public int getY() { return y; }
	public void incrementX() { x++; }
	public void incrementY() { y++; }
	public String toString() {
		return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
	}
	class PairValuesNotEqualException
	extends RuntimeException {
		public PairValuesNotEqualException() {
			super("這一對值不相等: " + Pair.this);
		}
	}
	// 兩個變量必須相等.
	public void checkState() {
		if(x != y)
			throw new PairValuesNotEqualException();
	}
}
//保護內部線程的安全
abstract class PairManager {
	protected Pair p = new Pair();
	private List storage = new ArrayList();
	public synchronized Pair getPair() {
		// 做一個備份來保護原線程的安全.
		return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
	}
	protected void store() { storage.add(getPair()); }
	// 一個模板方法.
	public abstract void doTask();
}
	//同步整個方法.
class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
	public synchronized void doTask() {
		p.incrementX();
		p.incrementY();
		store();
	}
}
//用臨界區
class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
	public void doTask() {
		synchronized(this) {
			p.incrementX();
			p.incrementY();
		}
		store();
	}
}
class PairManipulator extends Thread {
	private PairManager pm;
	private int checkCounter = 0;
	private class PairChecker extends Thread {
		PairChecker() { start(); }
		public void run() {
			while(true) {
				checkCounter++;
				pm.getPair().checkState();
			}
		}
	}
	public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
		this.pm = pm;
		start();
		new PairChecker();
	}
	public void run() {
		while(true) {
			pm.doTask();
		}
	}
	public String toString() {
		return "一對數: " + pm.getPair() +
			" 檢查 = " + checkCounter;
	}
}
public class CriticalSection {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//測試兩種不同的方法.
		final PairManipulator
		pm1 = new PairManipulator(new PairManager1()),
		pm2 = new PairManipulator(new PairManager2());
		new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("pm1: " + pm1);
				System.out.println("pm2: " + pm2);
				System.exit(0);
			}
			}, 500); // 500毫秒后開始運行.
	}
}