.TH PAULENCODE 1 "QCCPACK" "".SH NAMEpaulencode \- encode using Paul's 1982 AVQ algorithm.SH SYNOPSIS.B paulencode.RB "[\|" \-d.IR  distortion\_threshold "\|]".RB "[\|" \-fc.IR final\_codebook "\|]".I datfile.I codebook.I codebook\_coder.I channelfile.I sideinfofile.SH OPTIONS.TP.BI \-d " distortion\_threshold"Float. Distortion-threshold parameter. Default value = 100.0..TP.BI \-fc " final\_codebook"String. Output the final state of the codebook after encoding to.IR final\_codebook ..SH DESCRIPTION.LP.B paulencodeimplements Paul's 1982 AVQ algorithmfor adaptive vector quantization (AVQ).The vectors of.I datfile(DAT format)are encoded using Paul's algorithm, with.I codebook(CBK format)being the initial codebook..B paulencodeoutputs a channel of VQ indices,.I channelfile(CHN format), and side information,.I sideinfofile(SID format)..I codebook\_coder gives the scalar quantizer used to produce the side information (see below).Note:.B paulencodeimplements the move-to-front variant of the Paul algorithm as describedby Goodman et al..LP.B pauldecodeis used for the corresponding decoding of .I channelfile and.IR sideinfofile ;.B avqratecalculates the bit rate for the Paul algorithm as represented bythis channel and the side information.See.BR pauldecode (1)and.BR avqrate (1)for more details..LPIf option.B \-fcis specified, .B paulencodeoutputs the final state of the codebook, taking into account all codebookupdates performed during coding, to.IR final\_codebook ..SH "SIDE INFORMATION".LPThe side information output by.B paulencodeconsists of a series of flagsindicating whether or not the codebook is updated at a given time, as well asthe vectors added to the codebook during a codebook update.The side-information file,.IR sideinfofile ,consists of a sequence of symbols of the following form:.nf.I "    <symbol type>" <symbol value>.fiwhere.I <symbol type>is 1 for a flag, and 3 for an update vector.If .I <symbol type>= 1, then the current symbol is a flag, and, in this case,.I <symbol value>can be either 0 or 1. If.I <symbol value>= 1, then the symbol indicates that a codebook update is to be performed,and the next symbol will be the new codeword..I <symbol value>= 0 for no update.If.I <symbol type>= 3, then the current symbol is a vector.In this case,.I <symbol value>= .IR "v[1] v[2] " \|.\|.\|. " v[dim]" .The scalar quantizer .I codebook\_coder (SQ format) is used toquantize each component of the vector that updates thecodebook.Thus, each.I v[i]is an index output from this scalar quantizer.Note:.I dimis the vector dimension specified in the header of .I sideinfofile(see.BR QccPack (1)).Note: in all instances,.I <symbol value>and .I <symbol type>are stored in ASCII characters.The value of .I N(see.BR QccPack (1))specified in the header of .I sideinfofilegives the number of symbols with.I <symbol type>= 1, i.e. the number of flags stored in.IR sideinfofile ..SH "SEE ALSO".BR pauldecode (1),.BR avqrate (1),.BR QccPackAVQ (3),.BR QccPack (3)D. B. Paul, "A 500-800 bps Adaptive Vector Quantization Vocoder Using aPerceptually Motivated Distance Measure," in .IR "Conference Record, IEEE Globecom" ,pp. 1079-1082, 1982.R. M. Goodman, B. Gupta, and M. Sayano,"Neural Network Implementation of  Adaptive Vector Quantization for ImageCompression,"tech. rep., Department of Electrical Engineering,California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1991..SH AUTHORCopyright (C) 1997-2009  James E. Fowler.\"  The programs herein are free software; you can redistribute them and/or.\"  modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License.\"  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.\"  of the License, or (at your option) any later version..\"  .\"  These programs are distributed in the hope that they will be useful,.\"  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of.\"  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the.\"  GNU General Public License for more details..\"  .\"  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License.\"  along with these programs; if not, write to the Free Software.\"  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.