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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>Android - Instrumentation Framework</title><script src="http://www.google.com/uds/api?file=uds.js&v=1.0&key=internal-codesite" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="http://code.google.com/js/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">var _tocPath_ = 'http://code.google.com/android/_toc.ezt';</script><script src="http://code.google.com/js/codesite.pack.01312008.js" type="text/javascript"></script><link href="http://code.google.com/css/codesite.pack.01312008.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"></link><!--[if IE]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/iehacks.css" /><![endif]--><script src="http://code.google.com/android/assets/search_autocomplete.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://code.google.com/css/semantic_headers.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://code.google.com/android/assets/style.css" 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href="telephony.html">Radio Interface Layer</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <strong>Testing</strong> <ul> <li><a href="instrumentation_framework.html">Instrumentation Framework</a></li> <li><a href="instrumentation_testing.html">Instrumentation Testing</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><a name="gc-pagecontent"></a><div class="g-unit" id="gc-pagecontent"><div id="jd-content"><div class="jd-descr"><a name="androidTitleInstrumentationFramework"></a><h1>Instrumentation Framework</h1><a name="toc"/><div style="padding:10px"><a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro">Introduction</a><br/><a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand">Understanding the am Command</a><br/><a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning">Writing and Running Test Cases</a><br/><a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase">Exploring a Test Case</a><br/><a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a><br/></div></font></div><a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro"></a><h2>Introduction</h2><p>This document describes how to use the Instrumentation Framework to write test cases. You should have a working knowledge of the following:</p><ul> <li> Android Application Framework </li> <li> Using <code>adb</code>, <code>am</code> and various logging functionality </li> <li> A brief understanding of the application of interest, that is, he names of the classes which handle the intents etc. </li> <li> Junit testing. </li></ul><p> Each Android application runs in its own process. Instrumentation kills the application process and restarts the process with Instrumentation. Instrumentation gives a handle to the application context used to poke around the application to validate test assertions, allowing you to write test cases to test applications at a much lower level than UI screen shot tests. Note that Instrumentation cannot catch UI bugs. </p><a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand"></a><h2>Understanding the am Command</h2><p><code>am</code> is used to start and instrument activities using the adb shell command, as shown in the snippet below:</p><pre class="prettify">> adb shell amusage: am [start|instrument] am start [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>] [-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...] [-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> [-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> ...] [-n <COMPONENT>] [-D] [<URI>] am instrument [-e <ARG_NAME> <ARG_VALUE>] [-p <PROF_FILE>] [-w] <COMPONENT>For example, to start the Contacts application you can use> adb shell am start -n com.google.android.contacts/.ContactsActivity</pre><a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning"></a><h2>Writing and Running Test Cases</h2><p>Each instrumentation test case is similar to an Android application with the distinction that it starts another application. For example, have a look in the <code>tests/Contacts</code> directory. </p><ul> <li> There should be a Makefile and an Android Manifest file. </li> <li> Tests are located in <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests</code>. </li> <li> The Instrumentation Test Runner is located at <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests/functional/ContactsInstrumentationTestRunner.java</code>.</li></ul><p>Suppose you have a makefile with <code>Contactstests</code> as the target. </p><ul> <li> <code>make Contactstests</code>: Compiles the test cases. </li> <li> <code>adb install Contactstests.apk</code>: Installs the apk on the device. </li> <li> Use the adb shell <code>am</code> command to run them. </li></ul><p> For options and other details, please see <a href="instrumentation_testing.html" target="_top">Instrumentation Testing</a>.</p><a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase"></a><h2>Exploring a Test Case</h2><p> The test case described in this section adds and tests a new Contact. Note that you can send intents, register intent receivers, etc. </p><p><code>Instrumentation.java</code> has helper functions that send key events and string, for example: </p><ul> <li><code>getInstrumentation()</code>: Returns the handle to the instrumentation </li> <li><code>sendCharacterSync</code>: Sends a character. </li> <li><code>sendStringSync</code>: Sends a string to an input box. </li> <li><code>sendKeyDownUpSync</code>: Sends a specific keyevent. </li> <li><code>sendTrackballEventSync</code>: Send a trackball event.</li></ul><p> You can find the test case below at <code>device/tests/Contacts.</code></p><pre class="prettify">private void addNewContact(String name, int star, int phoneType, String number, String label, String email, int emailType){ ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); Uri phoneUri = null; Uri emailUri = null; values.put(Contacts.People.NAME, name); values.put(Contacts.People.STARRED, star); //Add Phone Numbers Uri uri = mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI, values); phoneUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, Contacts.People.Phones.CONTENT_DIRECTORY); values.clear(); values.put(Contacts.Phones.TYPE, phoneType); values.put(Contacts.Phones.NUMBER, number); values.put(Contacts.Phones.LABEL, label); mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(phoneUri, values); //Add Email emailUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY); values.clear(); values.put(ContactMethods.KIND, Contacts.KIND_EMAIL); values.put(ContactMethods.DATA, email); values.put(ContactMethods.LABEL, ""); values.put(ContactMethods.TYPE, emailType); mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(emailUri, values);} public void testAddSaveSingleContact(){ int previousCount = mActivity.getListView().getCount(); String message; addNewContact(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", "5435754532", "1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, CONFIRM_OPTION); message = "Added 1 to initial length=" + previousCount + ", but resulted with a count=" + mActivity.getListView().getCount(); assertEquals(message, ++previousCount, mActivity.getListView().getCount()); // Check Content; Name; Num; Starred assertEquals(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text1)); assertEquals("5435754532", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text2)); //Check email is saved //cursor = returnEmailCursorAtId("1"); Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people/1"); uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY); Cursor cursor = mActivity.getContentResolver().query(uri, CONTACTS_COLUMNS, null, null, null); assertTrue("returnEmailCursorAtId: Moving cursor to first row has failed", cursor.first()); int dataIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("data"); assertEquals("1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, cursor.getString(dataIndex)); cursor.deactivate();} </pre><a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting"></a><h2>Troubleshooting</h2><p>If you run your test cases and nothing appears to happen, have a look at <code>adb logcat</code>. The following is a common problem:</p><pre class="prettify">I/dalvikvm( 688): threadid=11: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #1I/dalvikvm( 688): threadid=13: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #2W/ActivityManager( 469): Unable to find instrumentation info for: ComponentInfo{com.google.android.browser_instrumentation/com.google.android.browser_instrumentation.BrowserWebkitLayoutInstrumentation}D/AndroidRuntime( 688): Shutting down VME/AndroidRuntime( 688): ERROR: thread attach failed</pre> <p>It's possible that the instrumentation apk isn't installed on your device or that the package name is incorrect in the Manifest file. </p><p><span class="lh2"><a name="androidFooter"></a></span> </div> </div> <!-- end gc-pagecontent --> </div> <!-- end gooey wrapper --> </div> <!-- end codesearchresults --> <div id="gc-footer" dir="ltr"> <div class="text"> ©2008 Google<!-- - <a href="/">Code Home</a> - <a href="http://www.google.com/accounts/TOS">Site Terms of Service</a> - <a href="http://www.google.com/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a> - <a href="/more">Site Directory</a> --></div> </div> <!-- end gc-footer --></div><!-- end gc-containter --><script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-18071-1"); pageTracker._setAllowAnchor(true); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(e) {}</script><div id="jd-build-id"> v0.3 - 9 June 2008</div></div></div></div></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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