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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年8月托福閱讀全真試題</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom><O:P></O:P></SPAN>
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question 21-29</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Under certain circumstance
the human body must cope <BR>with gases at greater-than-normal
atmospheric pressure. For <BR>example, gas pressures increase
rapidly during a dive made <BR>with scuba gear because the
breathing equipment allows divers <BR>to stay underwater longer
and dive deeper. The pressure <BR>exerted on the human body
increases by 1 atmosphere for every <BR>10 meters of depth in
seawater, so that at 30 meters in seawater <BR>a diver is
exposed to a pressure of about 4 atmospheres. <BR>The pressure
of the gases being breathed must equal the <BR>external
pressure applied to the body; otherwise breathing is
very <BR>difficult. Therefore all of the gases in the air
breathed by a <BR>scuba diver at 40 meters are present at five
times their usual <BR>pressure. Nitrogen which composes 80
percent of the air we <BR>breathe usually causes a balmy
feeling of well-being at this <BR>pressure. At a depth of 5
atmospheres nitrogen causes symp-<BR>toms resembling alcohol
intoxication known as nitrogen narcosis. <BR>Nitrogen narcosis
apparently results from a direct effect <BR>on the brain of the
large amounts of nitrogen dissolved in the <BR>blood. Deep
dives are less dangerous if helium is substituted <BR>for
nitrogen, because under these pressures helium does
not <BR>exert a similar narcotic effect.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>As a scuba diver descends,
the pressure of nitrogen in the <BR>lungs increases. Nitrogen
then diffuses from the lungs to the <BR>blood and from the
blood to body tissues. The reverse occurs <BR>when the diver
surfaces; the nitrogen pressure in the lungs <BR>falls and the
nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood <BR>and from
the blood into the lungs. If the return to the surface <BR>is
too rapid, nitrogen in the tissues and blood cannot
diffuse <BR>out rapidly enough and nitrogen bubbles are formed
. They can <BR>cause severe pains, particularly around the
joints.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Another complication may
result if the breath is held dur-<BR>ing ascent. During ascent from
a depth of 10 meters, the <BR>volume of air in the lungs will
double because the air pressure at <BR>the surface is only half
of what it was at 10 meters. This <BR>change in volume may
cause the lungs to distend and even rup-<BR>ture. This condition is
called air embolism. To avoid this <BR>event, a diver must
ascent slowly, never at a rate exceeding <BR>the rise of the
exhaled air bubbles, and must exhale during <BR>ascent.<O:P>
<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>21.What does the passage mainly discuss?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
equipment divers use<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
gases in the human body<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>How to prepare for a deep
dive<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The symptoms of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream.<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>22.The word "exposed to" in line 8 are closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>leaving behind<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>prepared for<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>propelled
by<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>subjected to<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>23.The word "exert" in line 21 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>cause<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>permit<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>need<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>change<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>24.The word "diffuses" in line 23 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>yields<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>starts<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>surfaces<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>travels<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>25.What happens to nitrogen in body tissues if a diver
ascends too quickly.<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It forms bubbles<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It goes
directly to the brain<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It is reabsorbed by the
lungs.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It has a narcotic effect.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>26.The word "They" in line 29 refers to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>joints<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>pains<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>bubbles<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>tissues.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>27.The word "rupture" in line 36 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>hurt<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>shrink<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>burst<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>stop<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>28.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the
following presents the greatest danger to a diver?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Pressurized
helium<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Nitrogen diffusion<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Nitrogen
bubbles<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>An
air embolism <O:P></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>29.What should a diver do when ascending?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Rise
slowly<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Breathe faster<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Relax completely<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Breathe
helium.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
<BR></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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