<div align="center">搜狐分類</div>    </td>  </tr>  <tr>     <td width="10" class="itm"><a href="http://www.sohu.com/Education/Admission/Study_abroad/index.html" target="_blank"></a>-     </td>    <td class="itm"><a href="http://dir.sohu.com/education/admission/study_abroad/index.html" target="_blank"><font color="#000000">留學考試</font></a></td>  </tr>  <tr>     <td width="10" class="itm"><a href="http://www.sohu.com/education/Language/English/Examination/index.html" target="_blank"></a>-     </td>    <td class="itm"><a href="http://dir.sohu.com/education/language/english/examination/index.html" target="_blank"><font color="#000000">英語考試</font></a></td>  </tr>  <tr>     <td colspan="2" height="20" background="../lan/images/inimg/dw.gif">       <div align="center"><a href="http://learning.sohu.com/lan/congrate/index.htm"><font color="#000000">綜合信息</font></a></div>    </td>  </tr></table><!-- #EndLibraryItem --> </td><!-- End of headlines (column 1: left column) --> <!-- Gutter between columns 1 and 2 --> <td width="10"><img src="http://www.sohu.com/images/pixel.gif" width=10></td><!-- Search box and directories (columns 2 and 3: middle columns, combined into one) --> <td valign=top width="558" class=line> <table width=100%><tr bgcolor=#ebebeb>             <td colspan="3"><font color=#000099 class=line><a href=http://www.sohu.com/>首頁</a>&gt<a href=http://learning.sohu.com/index.html>求知</a>&gt<a href="http://learning.sohu.com/lan/">外語天地</a>&gt;<a href="http://learning.sohu.com/lan/toefl/">托福</a></font></td></tr></table>        <p><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --> <p align="center"><font color="#669933">TOEFL READING 1995/05(1)</font></p><hr><p align="left">資料來源：峰和梁</p><p align="left">（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）</p><p align="left">Before the 1850's the United States had a number of small colleges ,most of them dating from colonial days .They were small ,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students .</p><p align="left">Throughout Europe ,institutions of higher learning had developed ,bearing the ancient name of university .In Germany a different kind of university had developed . The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home ,went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable colleges --- Harvard ,Yale , Columbia --- and transform them into modem universities .The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing , in which the professor's own research was presented in class . Graduate training leading to the Ph.D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment ,was introduced .With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question ,analyze, and conduct their own research .</p><p align="left">At the same time ,the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old , constricted curriculum of mathematics ,classics ,rhetoric ,and music . The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system ,by which students were able to choose their own courses of study .The notion of major fields of study emerged .The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society ,the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime . Students were also trained as economists ,architects ,agriculturalists ,social welfare workers ,and teachers.</p><p align="left">重點單詞：</p><p align="left">date : n. 日期,約會,棗椰子;vt. 約會,定日期;vi. 注明日期,過時;n. DOS命令:顯示或設置系統日期</p><p align="left">colonial : a. 殖民的,殖民地的</p><p align="left">connect : vt. vi. 連接,聯合,關連</p><p align="left">primary : n. 最主要者,原色;a. 主要的,初期的,根本的,原始的,首要的,基本的</p><p align="left">concern : n. 關心,憂慮;vt. 與...有關,使擔心,掛慮</p><p align="left">moral : n. 道德,品行,寓意;a. 道德的,品性端正的,良心的</p><p align="left">bearing : n. 舉止,軸承,忍受,方向,意義,關系,生育</p><p align="left">ancient : a. 遠古的,舊的</p><p align="left">develop : vt. 發展,發達,進步,洗印,顯影;vi. 發展,生長</p><p align="left">primarily : ad. 主要地,首先地,基本地</p><p align="left">spreading : 撒布</p><p align="left">dissatisfy : vt. 使感覺不滿,不滿足</p><p align="left">advanced : a. 高等的,在前的,年老的,先進的</p><p align="left">venerable : a. 莊嚴的,值得尊敬的</p><p align="left">Harvard : 美國哈佛大學</p><p align="left">Yale : n. 耶魯</p><p align="left">Columbia : n. 哥倫比亞</p><p align="left">transform : vt. 轉換,改變,改造,使...變形;vi. 改變,轉化,變換</p><p align="left">tie : n. 帶子,線,鞋帶,不分勝負,關系,領帶,領結,平局,束縛;vt. 系,打結,扎,約束,與...成平局;vi. 結合,打結,不分勝負</p><p align="left">faculty : n. 才能,能力,全體教員,(大學的)系</p><p align="left">hire : n. 租金,租用,雇用;vt. 雇請,出租;vi. 受雇</p><p align="left">proper : a. 適當的,高尚的,專屬的;ad. 完全地,徹底地</p><p align="left">discipline : n. 訓練,紀律;vt. 訓練,懲罰</p><p align="left">principle : n. 原則,原理,主義</p><p align="left">compose : vt. 組成,寫作,作曲,使平靜,編寫;vi. 創作,排字</p><p align="left">scholar : n. 學者,公費生,有文化者,學習者</p><p align="left">drilling : n. 演練</p><p align="left">rote : n. 機械性的背誦,反復,死記硬背</p><p align="left">lecture : n. 演講,譴責,教訓;vt. 演講,訓誡,說教;vi. 講演</p><p align="left">present : n. 禮物,現在,瞄準;a. 現在的,出席的,當面的;vt. 介紹,引見,贈送,上演,提出,呈現;vi. 舉槍瞄準</p><p align="left">signify : vt. 象征,預示;vi. 要緊,重要</p><p align="left">attainment : n. 達到</p><p align="left">seminar : n. 研究會,討論發表會</p><p align="left">analyze : vt. 分析,分解</p><p align="left">conduct : n. 行為,舉動,指導;vt. 引導,指揮,管理,實施;vi. 引導,傳導,指揮</p><p align="left">expand : vt. 使膨脹,詳述,擴張;vi. 張開,發展;v. 展開</p><p align="left">constrict : vt. 壓縮,束緊,使收縮;vi. 壓縮</p><p align="left">curriculum : n. 課程</p><p align="left">classic : n. 古典作品,杰作,第一流藝術家;a. 第一流的,最優秀的,古典的</p><p align="left">rhetoric : n. 修辭,修辭學,華麗虛飾的語言</p><p align="left">elective : a. 選舉的,根據選舉的,選任的;n. 選修課程</p><p align="left">notion : n. 概念,觀念,想法,打算,主張</p><p align="left">emerge : vi. 浮現,形成,(由某種狀態)脫出,(事實)顯現出來</p><p align="left">relevant : a. 有關聯的,中肯的,有關系的,成比例的,相應的,適當的</p><p align="left">pursuit : n. 追蹤,追捕,追求,追趕,工作,職業</p><p align="left">heed : n. 注意,留心;vt. vi. 注意,留心</p><p align="left">characteristic : n. 特性,特征,特色;a. 特性的,本性的,有特色的</p><p align="left">regime : n. 政權,當權期間,政體,社會制度</p><p align="left">economist : n. 經濟學者,經濟家</p><p align="left">architect : n. 建筑師,設計者,造物主</p><p align="left"><a href="http://www.eol.com.cn/" target="_blank"><font color="#3399FF">以上由教育熱線提供</font></a></p><title></title><!-- #EndEditable --></p>              </td></tr></table>  <!-- End of search box and directories (columns 2 and 3: middle columns, combined into one) -->   <!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer.lbi" --><hr noshade size=1 width=700><div align="center"><span class=eng><br>  Copyright &copy; 2001 Sohu.com Inc. All rights reserved. </span><span class=itm>搜狐公司   版權所有</span></div><!-- #EndLibraryItem --> </center></body><!-- #EndTemplate --></html>