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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年1月托福閱讀全真試題</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Questions 40-50<O:P> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Rent control is the
system whereby the local government <BR>tells building owners
how much they can charge their tenants <BR>in rent. In the
United States, rent controls date back to at <BR>least World
War II.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In 1943 the federal
government imposed rent controls to <BR>help solve the problem
of housing shortages during wartime. <BR>The federal program
ended after the war, but in some locations, <BR>including New
York City, controls continued. Under <BR>New York's controls, a
landlord generally cannot raise rents <BR>on apartments as long
as the tenants continue to renew their <BR>leases. In places
such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls <BR>are more
recent. They were spurred by the inflation of <BR>the 1970's,
which, combined with California's rapid population <BR>growth,
pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record <BR>levels.
In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government
ordered <BR>landlords to roll back their rents to the levels
charged in 1978. <BR>Future rents could only go up by
two-thirds as much as any <BR>increase in the overall price
level.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In any housing market,
rental prices perform three functions:<BR>(1) promoting the
efficient maintenance of existing <BR>housing and stimulating
the construction of new housing, (2) <BR>allocating existing
scarce housing among competing claimants, <BR>and (3) rationing
use of existing housing by potential renters.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>One result of rent control
is a decrease in the construction <BR>of new rental units. Rent
controls have artificially depressed <BR>the most important
long-term determinant of profitability - <BR>rents. Consider
some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, <BR>Texas, with a 16
percent rental vacancy rate but no rent <BR>control laws,
11,000 new housing units were built. In the same <BR>year, in
San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were <BR>built. The
major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 <BR>percent
vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New
York <BR>City, except for government-subsidized construction,
the only <BR>rental units being built are luxury units, which
are exempt <BR>from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new
apartments <BR>are not being constructed. New office rental
space and <BR>commercial developments are, however. They
are <BR>exempt from rent controls.<O:P> <BR>40.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What does the passage
mainly discuss?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The construction of
apartments in the United States.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Causes and effects of rent
control<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The fluctuations of rental prices<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The shortage of affordable
housing in the United States.<O:P> <BR>41.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "They" in line
9 refers to <O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>the tenants<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>their leases<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>places<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>rent controls.<O:P>
<BR>42.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction
of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Rapid
population growth <O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Inflation<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Economic
conditions during wartime<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Record-high housing
prices<O:P> <BR>43.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The phrase "roll back" in lines 11-12 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>credit<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>measure<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>vary<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>reduce<O:P>
<BR>44.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>experimenting with<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>identifying<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>estimating<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>encouraging<O:P> <BR>45.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It can be inferred that
the purpose of rent control is to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>protect tenants<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>promote
construction<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>increase vacancy rates<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>decrease sales of rental units<O:P>
<BR>46.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>saddened<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>created<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>lowered<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>defeated<O:P> <BR>47.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The information in the
last paragraph supports which of the following statements?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>San
Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Rent
control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing
units<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent
control<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>There is a growing need for government-subsidized
housing.<O:P> <BR>48.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>According to the
passage, which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent
controls?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Santa Monica<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Dallas<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>San
Francisco<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>New York City<O:P> <BR>49.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "stringent" in
line 23 is closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>straightforward<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>strict<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>expanded<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>efficient<O:P>
<BR>50.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>According to the passage, which of the following is NOT
exempt from rent control?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Luxury apartments<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Commercial
development<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Moderately priced apartments<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Office space.<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
lang=EN-US>注：本套試題第12題由于原圖片原因，圖片無法掃描，望讀者諒。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
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