=pod=head1 NAMEPEM - PEM routines=head1 SYNOPSIS #include <openssl/pem.h> EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,					char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,					char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x); int PEM_write_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x); RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); RSA *PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); RSA *PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x); int PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x); RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); RSA *PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA *x); int PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA *x); DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); DSA *PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,					unsigned char *kstr, int klen,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); DSA *PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA *x); int PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA *x); DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); DSA *PEM_read_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA *x); int PEM_write_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA *x); DH *PEM_read_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); DH *PEM_read_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH *x); int PEM_write_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH *x); X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); X509 *PEM_read_X509(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 *x); int PEM_write_X509(FILE *fp, X509 *x); X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); X509 *PEM_read_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 *x); int PEM_write_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 *x); X509_REQ *PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); X509_REQ *PEM_read_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x); int PEM_write_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x); int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x); int PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x); X509_CRL *PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); X509_CRL *PEM_read_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL **x,					pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL *x); int PEM_write_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL *x); PKCS7 *PEM_read_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); PKCS7 *PEM_read_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 *x); int PEM_write_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 *x); NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE *PEM_read_bio_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE(BIO *bp,						NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE **x,						pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE *PEM_read_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE(FILE *fp,						NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE **x,						pem_password_cb *cb, void *u); int PEM_write_bio_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE(BIO *bp, NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE *x); int PEM_write_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE(FILE *fp, NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE *x);=head1 DESCRIPTIONThe PEM functions read or write structures in PEM format. Inthis sense PEM format is simply base64 encoded data surroundedby header lines.For more details about the meaning of arguments see theB<PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS> section.Each operation has four functions associated with it. Forclarity the term "B<foobar> functions" will be used to collectivelyrefer to the PEM_read_bio_foobar(), PEM_read_foobar(),PEM_write_bio_foobar() and PEM_write_foobar() functions.The B<PrivateKey> functions read or write a private key inPEM format using an EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use"traditional" private key format and can handle both RSA and DSAprivate keys. The read functions can additionally transparentlyhandle PKCS#8 format encrypted and unencrypted keys too.PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey()write a private key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo format using PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryptionalgorithms. The B<cipher> argument specifies the encryption algoritm touse: unlike all other PEM routines the encryption is applied at thePKCS#8 level and not in the PEM headers. If B<cipher> is NULL then noencryption is used and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo structure is used instead.PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid()also write out a private key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo howeverit uses PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 encryption algorithms instead. The algorithmto use is specified in the B<nid> parameter and should be the NID of thecorresponding OBJECT IDENTIFIER (see NOTES section).The B<PUBKEY> functions process a public key using an EVP_PKEYstructure. The public key is encoded as a SubjectPublicKeyInfostructure.The B<RSAPrivateKey> functions process an RSA private key using anRSA structure. It handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>functions but an error occurs if the private key is not RSA.The B<RSAPublicKey> functions process an RSA public key using anRSA structure. The public key is encoded using a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKeystructure.The B<RSA_PUBKEY> functions also process an RSA public key usingan RSA structure. However the public key is encoded using aSubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the publickey is not RSA.The B<DSAPrivateKey> functions process a DSA private key using aDSA structure. It handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>functions but an error occurs if the private key is not DSA.The B<DSA_PUBKEY> functions process a DSA public key usinga DSA structure. The public key is encoded using aSubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the publickey is not DSA.