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<A NAME="Heading1"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Appendix A <BR>
<BR>
Operator Precedence</FONT></H2>
<P>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#000077"></FONT></H2>
<P>It is important to understand that operators have a precedence, but it is not
essential to memorize the precedence.</P>
<DL>
<DD>
<HR>
<FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>New Term:</B></FONT><I><B> </B>Precedence</I> is the order
in which a program performs the operations in a formula. If one operator has precedence
over another operator, it is evaluated first.
<HR>
</DL>
<P>Higher precedence operators "bind tighter" than lower precedence operators;
thus, higher precedence operators are evaluated first. The lower the rank in the
following chart, the higher the precedence. <BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B>Table A.1. Operator Precedence</B></FONT>.
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Rank</I></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Name</I></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Operator</I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">scope resolution</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>::</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">member selection, subscripting,</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>. -></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">function calls, postfix increment</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>()</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">and decrement</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>++</TT> <TT>--</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>sizeof</TT>, prefix increment and decrement,</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>++</TT> <TT>--</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">complement, and, not, unary minus and plus,</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>^ !</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">address of and dereference, new, new[], delete,</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>-</TT> <TT>+</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">delete[], casting, <TT>sizeof(),</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&</TT> <TT>*</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>()</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">4</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">member selection for pointer</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>.*</TT> <TT>->*</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">multiply, divide, modulo</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>*</TT> <TT>/</TT> <TT>%</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">6</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">add, subtract</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>+</TT> <TT>-</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">7</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">shift</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT><<</TT> <TT>>></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">8</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">inequality relational</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>< <= > >=</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">9</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">equality, inequality</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>== !=</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">10</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise <TT>AND</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">11</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise exclusive <TT>OR</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>^</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">12</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise <TT>OR</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>|</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">13</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">logical <TT>AND</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&&</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">14</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">logical <TT>OR</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>||</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">15</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">conditional</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>?:</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">16</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">assignment operators</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>= *= /= %=</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>+= -= <<= >>=</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&= |= ^=</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">17</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">throw operator</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>throw</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">18</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">comma</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>,</TT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</P>
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