Telecommunications is today widely understood to mean the electrical means of communicating over a distance. The first form of telecommunications was that of the Telegraph, which was invented quite independently in 1837 by two scientists, Wheatstone and Morse. Telegraphy was on a point-to-point unidirectional basis and relied on trained operators to interpret between the spoken or written word and the special signals sent over the telegraph wire. However, the use of telegraphy did greatly enhance the operations of railways and, of course, the dissemination of news and personal messages between towns.
標簽： Telecommunications Understanding Networks
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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The information age is exploding around us, giving us access to dizzying amounts of data the instant it becomes available. Smart phones and tablets provide an untethered experience that offers stream- ing video, audio, and other media formats to just about any place on the planet. Even people who are not “computer literate” use Facebook to catch up with friends and family, use Google to research a new restaurant choice and print directions to get there, or Tweet their reactions once they have sampled the fare. The budding Internet-of-things will only catalyze this data eruption. The infrastructure supporting these services is also growing exponentially, and the technology that facilitates this rapid growth is virtualization.
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services have different constraints concerning data rate, delay, and reliability (quality-of-service (QoS)). Hence, future mobile radio systems have to provide a large flexibility and scal- ability to match these heterogeneous requirements.
標簽： Communications Wireless Channels MIMO over
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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The phenomenon of electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been known for a long time, but recently a growing interest has been observed in ESD in radio frequency (RF) technology and ESD issues in RF applications.
標簽： Technology Circuits ESD and RF
上傳時間： 2020-06-05
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Applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfabrica- tion have spread to different fields of engineering and science in recent years. Perhaps the most exciting development in the application of MEMS technol- ogy has occurred in the biological and biomedical areas. In addition to key fluidic components, such as microvalves, pumps, and all kinds of novel sensors that can be used for biological and biomedical analysis and mea- surements, many other types of so-called micro total analysis systems (TAS) have been developed.
標簽： Applications Technologies Bio-MEMS and
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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A few years ago I stood before an audience at a customer’s facility explaining the merits of micromachining technology. The small conference room was packed, and all ears were attentive. Everyone was eager to learn about thismysteriousbuzzword, “MEMS.”Although many in the audience were nodding in a sign of comprehension, the glazed lookson their facesbetrayed them. Thisexperience isnot unique, but one that isrepeated frequently in auditoriumsaround the world.
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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The “bottom-line” metrics of cash flow, demand, price, and return on investment are driven by a second set of financial metrics represented by value to the customer, cost, and the pace of innovation. Get them right relative to competition and impressive bottom-line results should follow. Because of their importance, we call value to the customer, variable cost, and the pace of innovation the “fundamental metrics.”
標簽： Planning Product Systems Driven Value and
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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The large-scale deployment of the smart grid (SG) paradigm could play a strategic role in supporting the evolution of conventional electrical grids toward active, flexible and self- healing web energy networks composed of distributed and cooperative energy resources. From a conceptual point of view, the SG is the convergence of information and operational technologies applied to the electric grid, providing sustainable options to customers and improved security. Advances in research on SGs could increase the efficiency of modern electrical power systems by: (i) supporting the massive penetration of small-scale distributed and dispersed generators; (ii) facilitating the integration of pervasive synchronized metering systems; (iii) improving the interaction and cooperation between the network components; and (iv) allowing the wider deployment of self-healing and proactive control/protection paradigms.
標簽： Computational Intelligence
上傳時間： 2020-06-07
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Electricity has been chosen as the most convenient and useful form of energy, due to its ease of transportation over large distances and easy conversion to other energy forms. The biggest inconvenience with electricity is that it cannot be stored and must be utilized at the moment of generation. The storage of a large amount of electrical energy is usually connected with its conversion to other types of energy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of such processes. The aim of the power system, often treated as the biggest and the most complex machine ever built, is to deliver uninterruptible electric energy of demanded quality parameters to consumers.
標簽： Electromagnetic Interference Conducted
上傳時間： 2020-06-07
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The author of this textbook intends to consider all stages of the life cycle of the energy resources: extraction of mineral energy resources and mastering for power engineering renewable energy, transportation of mineral energy raw materials to the place of consumption, the conversion of primary energy sources into electrical and/or thermal energy, transportation and distribution among the customers, and energy storage (if necessary).
標簽： Engineering Electrical Current Power State
上傳時間： 2020-06-07
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