We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation communications systems.We study the performance of a standard CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability. This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
標簽： frequency-offset estimation quadrature amplitude
上傳時間： 2014-01-22
上傳用戶：牛布牛
《為Windows Vista編寫安全的代碼》，2007年出版 Providing developers with first-hand insights into design decisions and practical advice for solving real-world security issues, this authoritative guide urges developers to write more secure code on the Vista platform to support a growing customer base. Table of Contents Writing Secure Code for Windows Vista Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 - Code Quality Chapter 2 - User Account Control, Tokens, and Integrity Levels Chapter 3 - Buffer Overrun Defenses Chapter 4 - Networking Defenses Chapter 5 - Creating Secure and Resilient Chapter 6 - Internet Explorer 7 Defenses Chapter 7 - Cryptographic Enhancements Chapter 8 - Authentication and Authorization Chapter 9 - Miscellaneous Defenses and Security-Related Technologies Index List of Figures List of Tables List of Sidebars
上傳時間： 2016-01-07
上傳用戶：zxc23456789
This forced me to write about more interesting and comprehensive sorting methods, the result of which is this one. Through this writing I have tried to give in-depth coverage of the entire sort algorithm I hope Peter wouldn t mind reading it. This article assumes that you really don t know about the iterations, looping, and so forth hence, it explains these in detail first.
標簽： comprehensive interesting methods sorting
上傳時間： 2016-01-10
上傳用戶：athjac
ICA介紹課件。There has been a wide discussion about the application of Independence Component Analysis (ICA) in Signal Processing, Neural Computation and Finance, first introduced as a novel tool to separate blind sources in a mixed signal. The Basic idea of ICA is to reconstruct from observation sequences the hypothesized independent original sequences
標簽： Independence application discussion Component
上傳時間： 2016-01-12
上傳用戶：AbuGe
This directory contains the memtest 8051 firmware for the Anchor Chips EZ-USB chip. The purpose of this software is to test the different memory segments in the Ez-Usb chip. This example will output the string "good" on the 7 segment LED if the mem test passes, or it will output the first address where the memtest fails.
標簽： directory the contains firmware
上傳時間： 2013-12-16
上傳用戶：gdgzhym
To date tests are still the best solution mankind has found to deliver working software. This book is the sum of four years of research and practice in the testing field. The practice comes from my IT consulting background, first at Octo Technology and then at Pivolis the research comes from my involvement with open source development at night and on weekends.
標簽： solution software mankind deliver
上傳時間： 2014-01-11
上傳用戶：sclyutian
This the second tutorial of the Writing Device Drivers series. There seems to be a lot of interest in the topic, so this article will pick up where the first left off. The main focus of these articles will be to build up little by little the knowledge needed to write device drivers. In this article, we will be building on the same example source code used in part one. In this article, we will expand on that code to include Read functionality, Handle Input/Ouput Controls also known as IOCTLs, and learn a bit more about IRPs.
標簽： the interest tutorial Drivers
上傳時間： 2016-01-28
上傳用戶：lmeeworm
How the K-mean Cluster work Step 1. Begin with a decision the value of k = number of clusters Step 2. Put any initial partition that classifies the data into k clusters. You may assign the training samples randomly, or systematically as the following: Take the first k training sample as single-element clusters Assign each of the remaining (N-k) training sample to the cluster with the nearest centroid. After each assignment, recomputed the centroid of the gaining cluster. Step 3 . Take each sample in sequence and compute its distance from the centroid of each of the clusters. If a sample is not currently in the cluster with the closest centroid, switch this sample to that cluster and update the centroid of the cluster gaining the new sample and the cluster losing the sample. Step 4 . Repeat step 3 until convergence is achieved, that is until a pass through the training sample causes no new assignments.
標簽： the decision clusters Cluster
上傳時間： 2013-12-21
上傳用戶：gxmm
This handbook is a concise guide to architecting, designing, and building J2EE applications. Whether you re architect your first J2EE application or looking to keep your projects on-time and on-budget, you will refer to this handbook again and again.
標簽： architecting applications designing handbook
上傳時間： 2016-02-10
上傳用戶：zhoujunzhen
此范例可在window的DOS上執行.有9各TASK分別秀出時間.執行方式解壓鎖COPY到C碟然后BC45\SOURCE下修改TEST.C在BC45\TEST下執行MAKETEST.BAT就可編繹出執行檔 to show the starting time and completion time of each task in the first round.
標簽： TEST MAKETEST window SOURCE
上傳時間： 2016-02-14
上傳用戶：zhouchang199
