|Introduction Basic Concept Tips to layout Power circuit Type of Power circuit Basic Concept Maximum Current calculation Resistance of Copper ideal power supply & NOISE Capacitor & Inductor Power consumption Function of power circuit
上傳時間： 2014-01-04
上傳用戶：kao21
模塊電源的電氣性能是通過一系列測試來呈現(xiàn)的，下列為一般的功能性測試項目，詳細(xì)說明如下： 電源調(diào)整率(Line Regulation) 負(fù)載調(diào)整率(Load Regulation) 綜合調(diào)整率(Conmine Regulation) 輸出漣波及雜訊(Ripple & NOISE) 輸入功率及效率(Input Power, Efficiency) 動態(tài)負(fù)載或暫態(tài)負(fù)載(Dynamic or Transient Response) 起動(Set-Up)及保持(Hold-Up)時間 常規(guī)功能(Functions)測試 1. 電源調(diào)整率 電源調(diào)整率的定義為電源供應(yīng)器于輸入電壓變化時提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。測試步驟如下：于待測電源供應(yīng)器以正常輸入電壓及負(fù)載狀況下熱機穩(wěn)定后，分別于低輸入電壓(Min)，正常輸入電壓(Normal)，及高輸入電壓(Max)下測量并記錄其輸出電壓值。 電源調(diào)整率通常以一正常之固定負(fù)載(Nominal Load)下，由輸入電壓變化所造成其輸出電壓偏差率(deviation)的百分比，如下列公式所示： [Vo(max)-Vo(min)] / Vo(normal) 2. 負(fù)載調(diào)整率 負(fù)載調(diào)整率的定義為開關(guān)電源于輸出負(fù)載電流變化時，提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。測試步驟如下：于待測電源供應(yīng)器以正常輸入電壓及負(fù)載狀況下熱機穩(wěn)定后，測量正常負(fù)載下之輸出電壓值，再分別于輕載(Min)、重載(Max)負(fù)載下，測量并記錄其輸出電壓值(分別為Vo(max)與Vo(min))，負(fù)載調(diào)整率通常以正常之固定輸入電壓下，由負(fù)載電流變化所造成其輸出電壓偏差率的百分比，如下列公式所示： [Vo(max)-Vo(min)] / Vo(normal) 3. 綜合調(diào)整率 綜合調(diào)整率的定義為電源供應(yīng)器于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流變化時，提供其穩(wěn)定輸出電壓的能力。這是電源調(diào)整率與負(fù)載調(diào)整率的綜合，此項測試系為上述電源調(diào)整率與負(fù)載調(diào)整率的綜合，可提供對電源供應(yīng)器于改變輸入電壓與負(fù)載狀況下更正確的性能驗證。 綜合調(diào)整率用下列方式表示：于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流變化下，其輸出電壓之偏差量須于規(guī)定之上下限電壓范圍內(nèi)(即輸出電壓之上下限絕對值以內(nèi))或某一百分比界限內(nèi)。 4. 輸出雜訊 輸出雜訊(PARD)系指于輸入電壓與輸出負(fù)載電流均不變的情況下，其平均直流輸出電壓上的周期性與隨機性偏差量的電壓值。輸出雜訊是表示在經(jīng)過穩(wěn)壓及濾波后的直流輸出電壓上所有不需要的交流和噪聲部份(包含低頻之50/60Hz電源倍頻信號、高于20 KHz之高頻切換信號及其諧波，再與其它之隨機性信號所組成))，通常以mVp-p峰對峰值電壓為單位來表示。 一般的開關(guān)電源的規(guī)格均以輸出直流輸出電壓的1%以內(nèi)為輸出雜訊之規(guī)格，其頻寬為20Hz到20MHz。電源實際工作時最惡劣的狀況(如輸出負(fù)載電流最大、輸入電源電壓最低等)，若電源供應(yīng)器在惡劣環(huán)境狀況下，其輸出直流電壓加上雜訊后之輸出瞬時電壓，仍能夠維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓不超過輸出高低電壓界限情形，否則將可能會導(dǎo)致電源電壓超過或低于邏輯電路(如TTL電路)之承受電源電壓而誤動作，進一步造成死機現(xiàn)象。 同時測量電路必須有良好的隔離處理及阻抗匹配，為避免導(dǎo)線上產(chǎn)生不必要的干擾、振鈴和駐波，一般都采用雙同軸電纜并以50Ω于其端點上，并使用差動式量測方法(可避免地回路之雜訊電流)，來獲得正確的測量結(jié)果。 5. 輸入功率與效率 電源供應(yīng)器的輸入功率之定義為以下之公式： True Power = Pav(watt) = Vrms x Arms x Power Factor 即為對一周期內(nèi)其輸入電壓與電流乘積之積分值，需注意的是Watt≠VrmsArms而是Watt=VrmsArmsxP.F.，其中P.F.為功率因素(Power Factor)，通常無功率因素校正電路電源供應(yīng)器的功率因素在0.6～0.7左右，其功率因素為1～0之間。 電源供應(yīng)器的效率之定義為為輸出直流功率之總和與輸入功率之比值。效率提供對電源供應(yīng)器正確工作的驗證，若效率超過規(guī)定范圍，即表示設(shè)計或零件材料上有問題，效率太低時會導(dǎo)致散熱增加而影響其使用壽命。 6. 動態(tài)負(fù)載或暫態(tài)負(fù)載 一個定電壓輸出的電源，于設(shè)計中具備反饋控制回路，能夠?qū)⑵漭敵鲭妷哼B續(xù)不斷地維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓。由于實際上反饋控制回路有一定的頻寬，因此限制了電源供應(yīng)器對負(fù)載電流變化時的反應(yīng)。若控制回路輸入與輸出之相移于增益(Unity Gain)為1時，超過180度，則電源供應(yīng)器之輸出便會呈現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定、失控或振蕩之現(xiàn)象。實際上，電源供應(yīng)器工作時的負(fù)載電流也是動態(tài)變化的，而不是始終維持不變(例如硬盤、軟驅(qū)、CPU或RAM動作等)，因此動態(tài)負(fù)載測試對電源供應(yīng)器而言是極為重要的。可編程序電子負(fù)載可用來模擬電源供應(yīng)器實際工作時最惡劣的負(fù)載情況，如負(fù)載電流迅速上升、下降之斜率、周期等，若電源供應(yīng)器在惡劣負(fù)載狀況下，仍能夠維持穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓不產(chǎn)生過高激(Overshoot)或過低(Undershoot)情形，否則會導(dǎo)致電源之輸出電壓超過負(fù)載組件(如TTL電路其輸出瞬時電壓應(yīng)介于4.75V至5.25V之間，才不致引起TTL邏輯電路之誤動作)之承受電源電壓而誤動作，進一步造成死機現(xiàn)象。 7. 啟動時間與保持時間 啟動時間為電源供應(yīng)器從輸入接上電源起到其輸出電壓上升到穩(wěn)壓范圍內(nèi)為止的時間，以一輸出為5V的電源供應(yīng)器為例，啟動時間為從電源開機起到輸出電壓達到4.75V為止的時間。 保持時間為電源供應(yīng)器從輸入切斷電源起到其輸出電壓下降到穩(wěn)壓范圍外為止的時間，以一輸出為5V的電源供應(yīng)器為例，保持時間為從關(guān)機起到輸出電壓低于4.75V為止的時間，一般值為17ms或20ms以上，以避免電力公司供電中于少了半周或一周之狀況下而受影響。 8. 其它 在電源具備一些特定保護功能的前提下，還需要進行保護功能測試，如過電壓保護(OVP)測試、短路保護測試、過功保護等
標(biāo)簽： 模塊電源 參數(shù) 指標(biāo) 測試方法
上傳時間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：zouxinwang
This document presents design techniques and reference circuits that power Virtex™-4 FXRocketIO™ multi-gigabit transceivers (MGTs) operating at data rates below 3.125 Gb/s.When using multiple transceivers, it is sometimes preferred to power them from a switchingpower supply. However, switching power supplies generate NOISE that affects transceiver
標(biāo)簽： RocketIO Virtex XAPP 946
上傳時間： 2013-11-18
上傳用戶：huang111
高的工作電壓高達100V N雙N溝道MOSFET同步驅(qū)動 The D810DCDC is a synchronous step-down switching regulator controller that can directly step-down voltages from up to 100V, making it ideal for telecom and automotive applications. The D810DCDC uses a constant on-time valley current control architecture to deliver very low duty cycles with accurate cycle-by-cycle current limit, without requiring a sense resistor. A precise internal reference provides 0.5% DC accuracy. A high bandwidth (25MHz) error amplifi er provides very fast line and load transient response. Large 1Ω gate drivers allow the D810DCDC to drive multiple MOSFETs for higher current applications. The operating frequency is selected by an external resistor and is compensated for variations in VIN and can also be synchronized to an external clock for switching-NOISE sensitive applications. Integrated bias control generates gate drive power from the input supply during start-up and when an output shortcircuit occurs, with the addition of a small external SOT23 MOSFET. When in regulation, power is derived from the output for higher effi ciency.
上傳時間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：wd450412225
The LTC®3562 quad output step-down regulator is designedfor multicore handheld microprocessor applications thatoperate from a single Li-Ion battery. Its four monolithic, higheffi ciency buck regulators support Intel’s mobile CPU P-Stateand C-State energy saving operating modes. The outputvoltages are independently controllable via I2C, and eachoutput can be independently started and shut down. Designerscan choose from power saving pulse-skipping mode orBurst Mode® operation, or select low NOISE LDO mode. Thespace-saving LTC3562 is available in a 3mm × 3mm QFNpackage and requires few external components.
上傳時間： 2013-10-07
上傳用戶：1583060504
Avalanche photo diode (APD) receiver modules arewidely used in fi ber optic communication systems. AnAPD module contains the APD and a signal conditioningamplifi er, but is not completely self contained. It stillrequires signifi cant support circuitry including a highvoltage, low NOISE power supply and a precision currentmonitor to indicate the signal strength. The challenge issqueezing this support circuitry into applications withlimited board space. The LT®3482 addresses this challengeby integrating a monolithic DC/DC step-up converter andan accurate current monitor. The LT3482 can supportup to a 90V APD bias voltage, and the current monitorprovides better than 10% accuracy over four decades ofdynamic range (250nA to 2.5mA).
上傳時間： 2014-01-18
上傳用戶：wenyuoo
An essential component of a NOISE-free audio device isa clean power supply, but few switching regulators canoperate at high efficiency while keeping the switchingfrequency out of the audio band. The LTC®3620 fills thisvoid. It is a high efficiency 15mA buck regulator with aprogrammable minimum switching frequency, making itpossible to virtually eliminate audible switching NOISE. Theinternal synchronous switches and low quiescent currentof this buck regulator provide the ability to maintain highefficiency, while its small footprint makes it ideal for tiny,low power audio applications.
標(biāo)簽： 超低功率 控制 開關(guān)噪聲 方案
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：非衣2016
Photomultipliers (PMT), avalanche photodiodes (APD),ultrasonic transducers, capacitance microphones, radiationdetectors and similar devices require high voltage,low current bias. Additionally, the high voltage must bepristinely free of NOISE; well under a millivolt is a commonrequirement with a few hundred microvolts sometimesnecessary. Normally, switching regulator confi gurationscannot achieve this performance level without employingspecial techniques. One aid to achieving low NOISE is thatload currents rarely exceed 5mA. This freedom permitsoutput fi ltering methods that are usually impractical
標(biāo)簽： DCDC 高電壓 低噪音 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時間： 2013-10-28
上傳用戶：lhw888
In an increasing trend, telecommunications, networking,audio and instrumentation require low NOISE power supplies.In particular, there is interest in low NOISE, lowdropout linear regulators (LDO). These components powerNOISE-sensitive circuitry, circuitry that contains NOISEsensitiveelements or both. Additionally, to conserve power,particularly in battery driven apparatus such as cellulartelephones, the regulators must operate with low input-tooutputvoltages.1 Devices presently becoming availablemeet these requirements (see separate section, “A Familyof 20mVRMS NOISE, Low Dropout Regulators”).
標(biāo)簽： 低噪聲 低壓差穩(wěn)壓器 性能
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：yeling1919
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworking switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get working. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear circuits to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at ground, andthe ground terminal shows volts of NOISE.
標(biāo)簽： Regulators Switching Poets for
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：奇奇奔奔
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