The goal of this book is to provide a concise but lucid explanation and deriva-
tion of the fundamentals of spread-spectrum communication systems. Although
spread-spectrum communication is a staple topic in textbooks on digital com-
munication, its treatment is usually cursory, and the subject warrants a more
intensive exposition. Originally adopted in military networks as a means of
ensuring secure communication when confronted with the threats of jamming
and interception, spread-spectrum systems are NOw the core of commercial ap-
plications such as mobile cellular and satellite communication.
Spread-spectrum communication is a core area within the field of digital
communication. Originally used in military networks as countermeasures against
the threats of jamming and interception, spread-spectrum systems are NOw widely
used in commercial applications and are part of several wireless and mobile
communication standards. Although spread-spectrum communication is a staple
topic in textbooks on digital communication, its treatment is usually cursory. This
book is designed to provide a more intensive examination of the subject that is
suitable for graduate students and practicing engineers with a solid background
in the theory of digital communication. As the title indicates, this book stresses
principles rather than specific current or planned systems, which are described in
manyotherbooks.My goal in this bookis to providea concisebut lucidexplanation
of the fundamentals of spread-spectrum systems with an emphasis on theoretical
principles.
The use of mobile devices NOw surpasses that of traditional computers: wireless
users will hence soon be demanding the same rich multimedia services on their
mobile devices that they have on their desktop personal computers. In addition,
new services will be added, especially related with their mobile needs, such as
location-based information services.
When 3GPP started standardizing the IMS a few years ago, most analysts expected the
number of IMS deploymentsto grow dramatically as soon the initial IMS specifications were
ready (3GPP Release 5 was functionallyfrozenin the first half of 2002and completedshortly
after that). While those predictions have proven to be too aggressive owing to a number of
upheavals hitting the ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) sector, we are
NOw seeing more and more commercial IMS-based service offerings in the market. At the
time of writing (May 2008), there are over 30 commercial IMS networks running live traffic,
addingup to over10million IMS users aroundthe world; the IMS is beingdeployedglobally.
In addition, there are plenty of ongoing market activities; it is estimated that over 130 IMS
contracts have been awarded to all IMS manufacturers. The number of IMS users will grow
substantially as these awarded contracts are launched commercially. At the same time, the
number of IMS users in presently deployed networks is steadily increasing as new services
are introduced and operators running these networks migrate their non-IMS users to their
IMS networks.
The explosion in demand for wireless services experienced over the past 20 years
has put significant pressure on system designers to increase the capacity of the
systems being deployed. While the spectral resource is very scarce and practically
exhausted, the biggest possibilities are predicted to be in the areas of spectral reuse
by unlicensed users or in exploiting the spatial dimension of the wireless channels.
The former approach is NOw under intense development and is kNOwn as the cogni-
tive radio approach (Haykin 2005).
Contamination and electrostatic discharge (ESD) are NOw becoming recognized as factors
affecting yield and reliability in an ever-increasing number of industries. Whereas contam-
ination traditionally was recognized as affecting the semiconductor, disk drive, aerospace,
pharmaceutical, and medical device industries, today such industries as automobile and
food production are also discovering the benefits of contamination control. ESD control
has experienced a similar growth in applications.
Microengineering and Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have very few
watertight definitions regarding their subjects and technologies. Microengineering
can be described as the techniques, technologies, and practices involved in the
realization of structures and devices with dimensions on the order of micrometers.
MEMS often refer to mechanical devices with dimensions on the order of
micrometers fabricated using techniques originating in the integrated circuit (IC)
industry, with emphasis on silicon-based structures and integrated microelectronic
circuitry. However, the term is NOw used to refer to a much wider range of
microengineered devices and technologies.
In this age of science and technology, the global economy has developed so much that our
lifestyles are NOw extremely modernized and developed. In some ways, modern society
seems to have reached the utmost state of advancement in various areas, including eco-
nomic development, science and technology pursuit, and the utilization of the given nat-
ural environment. However, it is important to consider approaches that may allow human
beings to stay longer on the Earth while enjoying fulfilling and peaceful daily lives.
The world of home automation is an exciting field that has exploded over the past
few years with many new technologies in both the commercial and open source
worlds. This book provides a gateway for those interested in learning more about
this topic and building their own projects.
With the introduction of the Raspberry Pi computer in 2012, a small and powerful
tool is NOw available for the home automation enthusiast, programmer, and electronic
hobbyist. It allows them to augment their home with sensors and software.
This book deals with a very important problem in power system planning
for countries in which hydrogeneration accounts for the greatest part of the
system power production. During the past thirty years many techniques
have been developed to cope with the long-term operation of hydro reser-
voirs. These techniques have been discussed in a number of publications,
but they have not until NOw been documented in book form.
