電子發燒友訊： 現場總線是指以工廠內的測量和控制機器間的數字通訊為主的網絡，也稱現場網絡。也就是將傳感器、各種操作終端和控制器間的通訊及控制器之間的通訊進行特化的網絡。原來這些機器間的主體配線是ON/OFF、接點信號和模擬信號，通過通訊的數字化，使時間分割、多重化、多點化成為可能，從而實現高性能化、高可靠化、保養簡便化、節省配線(配線的共享)。本文主要講述了現場總線在工業網絡中的應用;現場總線的類別;工業自動化現場總線的分析。 現場總線是允許將分布式控制、監測、檢測和管控的設備互連起來的通信系統。由于這項技術，傳感器、電磁閥、可編程控制器、電子驅動器和電腦等，便可以很容易地使用一個單一的且不依賴于任一設備制造商的低成本互連交換信息。 圖1 多種設備可以連接到現場總線進行數據交換
上傳時間： 2014-12-31
上傳用戶：gut1234567
This book evolved over the past ten years from a set of lecture notes developed while teaching the undergraduate Algorithms course at Berkeley and U.C. San Diego. Our way of teaching this course evolved tremendously over these years in a number of directions, partly to address our students' background (undeveloped formal skills outside of programming), and partly to reect the maturing of the eld in general, as we have come to see it. The notes increasingly crystallized into a narrative, and we progressively structured the course to emphasize the ?story line? implicit in the progression of the material. As a result, the topics were carefully selected and clustered. No attempt was made to be encyclopedic, and this freed us to include topics traditionally de-emphasized or omitted from most Algorithms books.
標簽： Algorithms 算法
上傳時間： 2013-11-11
上傳用戶：JamesB
This example shows how to update at regulate period the WWDG counter using theEarly Wakeup interrupt (EWI). The WWDG timeout is set to 262ms, refresh window set to 41h and the EWI isenabled. When the WWDG counter reaches 40h the EWI is generated and in the WWDGISR the counter is refreshed to prevent a WWDG reset and led connected to PC.07is toggled.The EXTI line9 is connected to PB.09 pin and configured to generate an interrupton falling edge.In the NVIC, EXTI line9 to 5 interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 0and the WWDG interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 1 (EXTI IT > WWDG IT). The EXTI Line9 will be used to simulate a software failure: once the EXTI line9event occurs (by pressing Key push-button on EVAL board) the correspondent interruptis served, in the ISR the led connected to PC.07 is turned off and the EXTI line9pending bit is not cleared. So the CPU will execute indefinitely EXTI line9 ISR andthe WWDG ISR will never be entered(WWDG counter not updated). As result, when theWWDG counter falls to 3Fh the WWDG reset occurs.If the EXTI line9 event don抰 occurs the WWDG counter is indefinitely refreshed inthe WWDG ISR which prevent from WWDG reset. If the WWDG reset is generated, after resuming from reset a led connected to PC.06is turned on. In this example the system is clocked by the HSE(8MHz).
上傳時間： 2013-11-11
上傳用戶：gundamwzc
Nios II軟件構建工具入門 The Nios® II Software Build Tools (SBT) allows you to construct a wide variety of complex embedded software systems using a command-line interface. From this interface, you can execute Software Built Tools command utilities, and use scripts other tools) to combine the command utilities in many useful ways. This chapter introduces you to project creation with the SBT at the command line This chapter includes the following sections: ■ “Advantages of Command-Line Software Development” ■ “Outline of the Nios II SBT Command-Line Interface” ■ “Getting Started in the SBT Command Line” ■ “Software Build Tools Scripting Basics” on page 3–8
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：nanxia
This application note describes how the existing dual-port block memories in the Spartan™-IIand Virtex™ families can be used as Quad-Port memories. This essentially involves a dataaccess time (halved) versus functionality (doubled) trade-off. The overall bandwidth of the blockmemory in terms of bits per second will remain the same.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：15527161163
This application note shows how to achieve low-cost, efficient serial configuration for Spartan FPGA designs. The approachrecommended here takes advantage of unused resources in a design, thereby reducing the cost, part count, memory size,and board space associated with the serial configuration circuitry. As a result, neither processor nor PROM needs to be fullydedicated to performing Spartan configuration.In particular, information is provided on how the idle processing time of an on-board controller can be used to loadconfiguration data from an off-board source. As a result, it is possible to upgrade a Spartan design in the field by sending thebitstream over a network.
上傳時間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：wojiaohs
In this paper, we discuss efficient coding and design styles using verilog. This can beimmensely helpful for any digital designer initiating designs. Here, we address different problems rangingfrom RTL-Gate Level simulation mismatch to race conditions in writing behavioral models. All theseproblems are accompanied by an example to have a better idea, and these can be taken care off if thesecoding guidelines are followed. Discussion of all the techniques is beyond the scope of this paper, however,here we try to cover a few of them.
標簽： Efficient Verilog Digital Coding
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：我干你啊
We would like to welcome you as a user of the Allegro CX, a rugged, handheld fi eld PC for data collection. Developed with the input of data collection professionals worldwide, the Allegro CX is adaptable and versatile for use in a wide variety of data collection environments. The Allegro CX continues to utilize our ergonomic, lightweight design that is standard in our line of Allegro Field PCs. This design makes your Allegro easy to use for extended periods while moving to and from data collection sites in the fi eld.
上傳時間： 2015-01-02
上傳用戶：zhangyi99104144
LAYOUT REPORT .............. 1 目錄.................. 1 1. PCB LAYOUT 術語解釋(TERMS)......... 2 2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用............ 2 3. 基準點 (光學點) -for SMD:........... 4 4. 標記 (LABEL ING)......... 5 5. VIA HOLE PAD................. 5 6. PCB Layer 排列方式...... 5 7.零件佈置注意事項 (PLACEMENT NOTES)............... 5 8. PCB LAYOUT 設計............ 6 9. Transmission Line ( 傳輸線 )..... 8 10.General Guidelines – 跨Plane.. 8 11. General Guidelines – 繞線....... 9 12. General Guidelines – Damping Resistor. 10 13. General Guidelines - RJ45 to Transformer................. 10 14. Clock Routing Guideline........... 12 15. OSC & CRYSTAL Guideline........... 12 16. CPU
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：1234xhb
PCB設計問題集錦 問：PCB圖中各種字符往往容易疊加在一起，或者相距很近，當板子布得很密時，情況更加嚴重。當我用Verify Design進行檢查時，會產生錯誤，但這種錯誤可以忽略。往往這種錯誤很多，有幾百個，將其他更重要的錯誤淹沒了，如何使Verify Design會略掉這種錯誤，或者在眾多的錯誤中快速找到重要的錯誤。 答：可以在顏色顯示中將文字去掉,不顯示后再檢查;并記錄錯誤數目。但一定要檢查是否真正屬于不需要的文字。 問： What’s mean of below warning:(6230,8330 L1) Latium Rule not checked: COMPONENT U26 component rule.答：這是有關制造方面的一個檢查，您沒有相關設定，所以可以不檢查。 問： 怎樣導出jop文件？答：應該是JOB文件吧？低版本的powerPCB與PADS使用JOB文件。現在只能輸出ASC文件，方法如下STEP：FILE/EXPORT/選擇一個asc名稱/選擇Select ALL/在Format下選擇合適的版本/在Unit下選Current比較好/點擊OK/完成然后在低版本的powerPCB與PADS產品中Import保存的ASC文件，再保存為JOB文件。 問： 怎樣導入reu文件？答：在ECO與Design 工具盒中都可以進行，分別打開ECO與Design 工具盒，點擊右邊第2個圖標就可以。 問： 為什么我在pad stacks中再設一個via:1(如附件）和默認的standardvi(如附件）在布線時V選擇1，怎么布線時按add via不能添加進去這是怎么回事，因為有時要使用兩種不同的過孔。答：PowerPCB中有多個VIA時需要在Design Rule下根據信號分別設置VIA的使用條件，如電源類只能用Standard VIA等等，這樣操作時就比較方便。詳細設置方法在PowerPCB軟件通中有介紹。 問：為什么我把On-line DRC設置為prevent..移動元時就會彈出(圖2),而你們教程中也是這樣設置怎么不會呢?答：首先這不是錯誤,出現的原因是在數據中沒有BOARD OUTLINE.您可以設置一個,但是不使用它作為CAM輸出數據. 問：我用ctrl+c復制線時怎設置原點進行復制，ctrl+v粘帖時總是以最下面一點和最左邊那一點為原點 答： 復制布線時與上面的MOVE MODE設置沒有任何關系,需要在右鍵菜單中選擇,這在PowerPCB軟件通教程中有專門介紹. 問：用(圖4)進行修改線時拉起時怎總是往左邊拉起(圖5)，不知有什么辦法可以輕易想拉起左就左，右就右。答： 具體條件不明,請檢查一下您的DESIGN GRID,是否太大了. 問： 好不容易拉起右邊但是用(圖6)修改線怎么改怎么下面都會有一條不能和在一起，而你教程里都會好好的(圖8)答：這可能還是與您的GRID 設置有關,不過沒有問題,您可以將不需要的那段線刪除.最重要的是需要找到布線的感覺,每個軟件都不相同,所以需要多練習。 問： 尊敬的老師:您好！這個圖已經畫好了，但我只對（如圖1）一種的完全間距進行檢查，怎么錯誤就那么多，不知怎么改進。請老師指點。這個圖在附件中請老師幫看一下，如果還有什么問題請指出來，本人在改進。謝！！！！！答：請注意您的DRC SETUP窗口下的設置是錯誤的,現在選中的SAME NET是對相同NET進行檢查,應該選擇NET TO ALL.而不是SAME NET有關各項參數的含義請仔細閱讀第5部教程. 問： U101元件已建好，但元件框的拐角處不知是否正確，請幫忙CHECK 答：元件框等可以通過修改編輯來完成。問： U102和U103元件沒建完全，在自動建元件參數中有幾個不明白：如：SOIC--》silk screen欄下spacing from pin與outdent from first pin對應U102和U103元件應寫什么數值，還有這兩個元件SILK怎么自動設置，以及SILK內有個圓圈怎么才能畫得與該元件參數一致。 答：Spacing from pin指從PIN到SILK的Y方向的距離,outdent from first pin是第一PIN與SILK端點間的距離.請根據元件資料自己計算。
上傳時間： 2014-01-03
上傳用戶：Divine
