XAPP520將符合2.5V和3.3V I/O標準的7系列FPGA高性能I/O Bank進行連接 The I/Os in Xilinx® 7 series FPGAs are classified as either high range (HR) or high performance (HP) banks. HR I/O banks can be operated from 1.2V to 3.3V, whereas HP I/O banks are optimized for OPERATION between 1.2V and 1.8V. In circumstances that require an HP 1.8V I/O bank to interface with 2.5V or 3.3V logic, a range of options can be deployed. This application note describes methodologies for interfacing 7 series HP I/O banks with 2.5V and 3.3V systems
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
a8259 可編程中斷控制 altera提供 The a8259 is designed to simplify the implementation of the interrupt interface in 8088 and 8086 based microcomputer systems. The device is known as a programmable interrupt controller. The a8259 receives and prioritizes up to 8 interrupts, and in the cascade mode, this can be expanded up to 64 interrupts. An asynchronous reset and a clock input have been added to improve OPERATION and reliability.
上傳時間： 2014-11-29
上傳用戶：zhyiroy
8051參考設計，與其他8051的免費IP相比，文檔相對較全，Oregano System 提供 This is version 1.3 of the MC8051 IP core. September 2002: Oregano Systems - Design & Consulting GesmbH Change history: - Improved tb_mc8051_siu_sim.vhd to verify duplex OPERATION. - Corrected problem with duplex OPERATION in file mc8051_siu_rtl.vhd
上傳時間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：tb_6877751
很多不同的廠家生產各種型號的計算機，它們運行完全不同的操作系統，但TCP.IP協議族允許它們互相進行通信。這一點很讓人感到吃驚，因為它的作用已遠遠超出了起初的設想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個分組交換網絡研究項目，到9 0年代已發展成為計算機之間最常應用的組網形式。它是一個真正的開放系統，因為協議族的定義及其多種實現可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯網”或“因特網(Internet)”的基礎，該廣域網（WA N）已包含超過1 0 0萬臺遍布世界各地的計算機。本章主要對T C P / I P協議族進行概述，其目的是為本書其余章節提供充分的背景知識。 TCP.IP協議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認標志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠景研究規劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標準碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網關協議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導程序協議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業互聯網交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網絡協議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環冗余檢驗 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數據電路端接設備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數據網 DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態主機配置協議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數據鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統 DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務訪問點 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數字用戶線接入復用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時間服務 DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網 EOL (End of Option List) 選項清單結束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網關協議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業協會 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數據接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結束標志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級數據鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結構委員會 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號分配機構 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報文協議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) （美國）電氣與電子工程師協會 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯網試驗注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內部網關協議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報文存取協議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網際協議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統到中間系統協議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標準化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協會 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網 LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長肥網絡 LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網 MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報文段最大生存時間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報文段長度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網絡控制協議 NFS (Network File System) 網絡文件系統 NIC (Network Information Center) 網絡信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網絡接口栓（S u n公司的一個程序） NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網絡新聞傳送協議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學天文臺 NOP (No OPERATION) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學基金網絡 NSI (NASA Science Internet) （美國）國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網絡時間協議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網絡虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協議數據單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點對點協議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔，其中的少部分成為標準文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠程過程調用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復位標志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結構 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡單郵件傳送協議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡單網絡管理協議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務訪問點 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號標志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡單文件傳送協議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠程終端協議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數據報協議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協調的統一時間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網 WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網 XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數據表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務標識符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運輸層接口
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：tdyoung
嵌入式系統是一種應用范圍非常廣泛的系統。可以說除了桌面計算機和服務器外所有計算設備都屬于嵌入式系統，例如從便攜式音樂播放器到航天飛機上的實時系統控制都屬于嵌入式系統。 大多數商用的嵌入式系統都設計成專用任務的低成本的產品。大多數的嵌入式系統都具有實時性的要求。有些功能需要非常快的主頻，但其他大多數功能并不需要高速的處理能力。這些系統通過特定的器件和軟件來滿足實時性的要求。 簡單地通過速度和成本來定義嵌入式系統是困難的，但對于大批量的產品而言，成本常常對系統設計起決定作用。通常，一個嵌入式系統的很多部分相對系統主要功能來說需要較低的性能，因此嵌入式系統和通用PC相比，能夠使用一個滿足輔助功能的合適的CPU，從而簡化了系統設計，降低了成本。例如，數字電視的機頂盒需要處理每秒以百萬兆位計的連續數據，但這些數據處理大部分是由定制的硬件來實現的，如解析、管理和編解碼多個頻道的數字影像。 對于大批量生產的嵌入式系統，如便攜式音樂播放器或手機等，降低成本就成為最主要的問題。這些系統通常只具有幾個芯片：一個高度集成的CPU，一個定制的芯片用于控制其他所有的功能，還有一個存儲芯片。在這種設計中，每部分都設計成使用最小的系統功耗。 對于小批量的嵌入式應用，為了降低開發成本，常常使用PC體系結構，通過限制程序的執行時間或用一個實時操作系統來替換原先的操作系統。在這種情況下，可以使用一個或多個高性能的CPU來替換特殊用途的硬件。 嵌入式系統的軟件通常運行在有限的硬件資源上：沒有硬盤、操作系統、鍵盤或屏幕。軟件一般都沒有文件系統，如果有的話，也會采用Flash驅動器。如果有人機交互接口的話，也是一個小鍵盤或液晶顯示器。硬件是計算機的物理部分，和存儲在硬件中的計算機軟件程序和數據區分開來。 嵌入到機械中的嵌入式系統需要長期無故障連續運行，因此它的軟件需要比PC中的軟件更加仔細地開發和更加嚴格地測試。 那么，到底什么是嵌入式系統呢？ 根據IEEE（國際電氣和電子工程師協會）的定義，嵌入式系統是“控制、監視或者輔助設備、機器和車間運行的裝置”（原文為devices used to control，monitor，or assist the OPERATION of equipment，machinery or plants）。這主要是從應用上加以定義的，從中可以看出嵌入式系統是軟件和硬件的綜合體，還可以涵蓋機械等附屬裝置。 目前國內一個普遍被認同的定義是：以應用為中心、以計算機技術為基礎，軟件 硬件可裁剪，適應應用系統對功能、可靠性、成本、體積、功耗嚴格要求的專用計算機系統。 可以這樣認為，嵌入式系統是一種專用的計算機系統，作為裝置或設備的一部分。通常，嵌入式系統是一個控制程序存儲在ROM中的嵌入式處理器控制板。事實上，所有帶有數字接口的設備，如手表、微波爐、錄像機、汽車等，都使用嵌入式系統，有些嵌入式系統還包含操作系統，但大多數嵌入式系統都是由單個程序實現整個控制邏輯。 本書是按照人事部、信息產業部全國計算機技術與軟件專業技術資格（水平）考試要求編寫，內容緊扣《嵌入式系統設計考試大鋼》。全書共六章，分別對嵌入式系統基礎知識、嵌入式微處理器與接口設計、嵌入式軟件與操作系統、嵌入式軟件程序設計、嵌入式系統設計與維護等知識進行了詳細的講解。最后介紹了一個典型的嵌入式系統設計案例。 本書內容豐富，結構合理，概念清晰。既可作為全國計算機技術與軟件專業技術資格（水平）考試中嵌入式系統設計師級別的考試用書，供有關考生學習使用，也可作為本科生嵌入式系統相關課程教材或培訓書使用。
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：dongqiangqiang
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer OPERATIONs. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be OPERATIONal when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed OPERATION. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download OPERATIONs.The bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kbit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical bit rate of83 kbit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
上傳時間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：s藍莓汁
The CC1101 is a low-cost sub- 1 GHztransceiver designed for very low-powerwireless applications. The circuit is mainlyintended for the ISM (Industrial, Scientific andMedical) and SRD (Short Range Device)frequency bands at 315, 433, 868, and 915MHz, but can easily be programmed forOPERATION at other frequencies in the 300-348MHz, 387-464 MHz and 779-928 MHz bands.CC1101 is an improved and code compatibleversion of the CC1100 RF transceiver. Themain improvements on the CC1101 include:
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：363186
We offer a broad line of high performance low dropout (LDO) linear regulators with fasttransient response, excellent line and load regulation, and very wide input voltage rangefrom 0.9V to 100V. Output currents range from 20mA to 10A, with positive, negative andmultiple output versions available. Many devices offer output voltage OPERATION <0.8V andsome feature OPERATION as low as 0V, even with a single supply. Most are stable with ceramicoutput capacitors. LDO regulators can be applied in virtually any application.
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：努力努力再努力
Abstract: This application note illustrates the flexibility of the MAX7060 ASK/FSK transmitter. While the currently available evaluationkit (EV kit) has been optimized for the device's use in a specific frequency band (i.e., 288MHz to 390MHz), this document addresseshow the EV kit circuitry can be modified for improved OPERATION at 433.92MHz, a frequency commonly used in Europe. Twoalternative match and filter configurations are presented: one for optimizing drain efficiency, the other for achieving higher transmitpower. Features and capabilities of earlier Maxim industrial, scientific, and medical radio-frequency (ISM-RF) transmitters areprovided, allowing comparison of the MAX7060 to its predecessors. Several design guidelines and cautions for using the MAX7060are discussed.
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：swaylong
Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of OPERATIONincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode OPERATION, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of OPERATION.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上傳時間： 2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
