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<FONT COLOR="#000077">Teach Yourself Oracle 8 In 21 Days</FONT></H1>
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<H1><FONT COLOR="#000077">- Appendix C -<BR>
Oracle Roles and Privileges</FONT></H1>
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<P>This appendix lists the Oracle default roles and system privileges. Table C.1
lists the Oracle commands and the privileges necessary to run them. Table C.2 lists
the default Oracle roles and the system privileges they contain.
<H4><FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>Table C.1. Oracle commands and required privileges.</B></FONT></H4>
<P>
<TABLE BORDER="1">
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Command</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><B>Required system privilege</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER CLUSTER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY CLUSTER</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER DATABASE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER DATABASE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER FUNCTION</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY PROCEDURE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER INDEX</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY INDEX</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER PACKAGE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY PROCEDURE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER PROCEDURE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY PROCEDURE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER PROFILE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">To change profile resource limits, the <TT>ALTER PROFILE</TT> system privilege is
required. To modify password limits and protection, the <TT>ALTER PROFILE</TT> and
<TT>ALTER USER</TT> system privileges are required.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER RESOURCE COST</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER RESOURCE COST</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ROLE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY ROLE</TT> system privilege is required, or you must have been granted
<TT>ROLE</TT> with <TT>ADMIN OPTION</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SEQUENCE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY SEQUENCE</TT> system privilege is required, you must have the <TT>ALTER</TT>
system privilege on the sequence, or the sequence must be in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SESSION</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER SESSION</TT> system privilege is required to enable and disable the
SQL Trace facility or change the default label format.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SNAPSHOT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY SNAPSHOT</TT> system privilege is required, or a snapshot must
be contained in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">Only the owner of a master table or a user with the <TT>SELECT</TT> system privilege
for the master table can use this command.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SYSTEM</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER SYSTEM</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER TABLE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY TABLE</TT> system privilege is required, the table must be contained
in your own schema, or you must have the <TT>ALTER</TT> system privilege on the table.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER TABLESPACE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER TABLESPACE</TT> system privilege is required or, using <TT>MANAGE TABLESPACE</TT>,
you can take the system offline or online, begin or end a backup, and make the system
read-only or read-write.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER TRIGGER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY TRIGGER</TT> system privilege is required, or the trigger must
be in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER TYPE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY TYPE</TT> system privilege is required, or the object type must
be in your schema and you must have <TT>CREATE TYPE</TT> or <TT>CREATE ANY TYPE</TT>
system privileges.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER USER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER USER</TT> system privilege is required. You can change your own password
without this privilege.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER VIEW</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ALTER ANY TABLE</TT> system privilege is required, or the view must be in
your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER CLUSTER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ALTER ANY TABLE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>ANALYZE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>ANALYZE ANY</TT> system privilege is required, or the schema object to be
analyzed must be in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>AUDIT (SQL Statements)</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>AUDIT SYSTEM</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>AUDIT (Schema Objects)</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>AUDIT ANY</TT> system privilege is required, or the object you choose for
auditing must be in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>COMMENT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>COMMENT ANY TABLE</TT> system privilege is required, or the view, snapshot,
or table must be in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>COMMIT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">No privileges are required.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE CLUSTER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE CLUSTER</TT> system privilege is required for your own schema; for
another user's schema, you need <TT>CREATE ANY CLUSTER</TT> plus either a space quota
on the tablespace containing the cluster or the <TT>UNLIMITED TABLESPACE</TT> system
privilege.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE CONTROLFILE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>OSDBA</TT> role must be enabled.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE DATABASE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>OSDBA</TT> role must be enabled.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE DATABASE LINK</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">For a private link, <TT>CREATE DATABASE LINK</TT> is required. For a public link,
<TT>CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK</TT> is required along with the <TT>CREATE SESSION</TT>
privilege on the remote database.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE DIRECTORY</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE ANY DIRECTORY</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE FUNCTION</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ANY PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege is required, or <TT>CREATE PROCEDURE</TT>
is required if the function is in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE INDEX</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The owner of the schema must have the space quota on the tablespace or the <TT>UNLIMITED
TABLESPACE</TT> system privilege. For your own schema, either the table or the cluster
must be in the schema, you must have the <TT>INDEX</TT> privilege on the table, or
you must have the <TT>CREATE ANY INDEX</TT> system privilege. To create an index
in another schema, you must have the <TT>CREATE ANY INDEX</TT> system privilege.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE LIBRARY</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ANY LIBRARY</TT> system privilege is required. To use the library,
you must have the <TT>EXECUTE</TT> object system privilege for the library.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE PACKAGE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ANY PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege is required. The <TT>CREATE PROCEDURE</TT>
system privilege is required if the package is in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE PACKAGE BODY</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ANY PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege is required. The <TT>CREATE PROCEDURE</TT>
system privilege is required if the package is in your own schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE PROCEDURE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ANY PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege is required with the <TT>CREATE
PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege if the procedure is in your own schema, or the <TT>ALTER
ANY PROCEDURE</TT> system privilege to replace a procedure.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE PROFILE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE PROFILE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE ROLE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE ROLE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT</TT> system privilege is required, and you must have
either the <TT>UNLIMITED TABLESPACE</TT> system privilege or the space quota on the
tablespace.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE SCHEMA</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">You must have the necessary privileges for included statements, if any.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE SEQUENCE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">For your own schema, the <TT>CREATE SEQUENCE</TT> system privilege is required. The
<TT>CREATE ANY SEQUENCE</TT> system privilege is required for another user's schema.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE SNAPSHOT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE SNAPSHOT</TT>, <TT>CREATE TABLE</TT>, and <TT>CREATE VIEW</TT> system
privileges are required in your own schema; the <TT>CREATE ANY SNAPSHOT</TT> system
privilege is required in another schema and you must have a sufficient quota in the
tablespace or <TT>UNLIMITED TABLESPACE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE TABLE</TT> system privilege is required if you own the master table,
the <TT>CREATE ANY TABLE</TT> system privilege is required in another schema, and
the <TT>COMMENT ANY TABLE</TT> and <TT>SELECT</TT> system privileges are required
on the master table.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE SYNONYM</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE SYNONYM</TT> system privilege is required for your own schema. For
another user's schema, the <TT>CREATE ANY SYNONYM</TT> system privilege is required.
For public schemas, the <TT>CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM</TT> system privilege is required.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE TABLE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE TABLE</TT> system privilege is required to create a table in your
own schema. The <TT>CREATE ANY TABLE</TT> system privilege is required to create
a table in other schemas and requires either a sufficient quota on the tablespace
or <TT>UNLIMITED TABLESPACE</TT>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE TABLESPACE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE TABLESPACE</TT> system privilege is required, and the <TT>SYSTEM</TT>
tablespace must contain at least two rollback segments, including the <TT>SYSTEM</TT>
rollback segment.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE TRIGGER</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE TRIGGER</TT> system privilege is required for your own schema. The
<TT>CREATE ANY TRIGGER</TT> system privilege is required for other schemas.</TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1">
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><TT>CREATE TYPE</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">The <TT>CREATE TYPE</TT> system privilege is required for your own schema. The <TT>CREATE
ANY TYPE</TT> system privilege is required for other schemas.</TD>
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