A novel met hod t o p artially compensate sigma2delta shap ed noise is p rop osed. By injecting t he comp en2
sation cur rent int o t he p assive loop f ilte r during t he delay time of t he p hase f requency detect or ( PFD) , a maximum
reduction of t he p hase noise by about 16dB can be achieved. Comp a red t o ot he r compensation met hods , t he tech2
nique p rop osed he re is relatively simple and easy t o implement . Key building blocks f or realizing t he noise cancel2
lation , including t he delay va riable PFD and comp ensation cur rent source , a re sp ecially designed. Bot h t he behavior
level and circuit level simulation results a re p resented.
A Convex Hull is the smallest convex polygon that contains every point of the set S. A polygon P is convex if and only if, for any two points A and B inside the polygon, the line segment AB is inside P.
One way to visualize a convex hull is to put a "rubber band" around all the points, and let it wrap as tight as it can. The resultant polygon is a convex hull.
Computing and the way people use C for doing it keeps changing as years go by. So overwhelming has been the response to all the previous editions of “Let Us C” that I have now decided that each year I would come up with a new edition of it so that I can keep the readers abreast with the way C is being used at that point in time.
This book is an entry-level text on the technology of telecommunications. It has been
crafted with the newcomer in mind. The eighteen chapters of text have been prepared
for high-school graduates who understand algebra, logarithms, and basic electrical prin-
ciples such as Ohm’s law. However, many users require support in these areas so Appen-
dices A and B review the essentials of electricity and mathematics through logarithms.
This book is an entry-level text on the technology of telecommunications. It has been
crafted with the newcomer in mind. The twenty-one chapters of text have been prepared
for high-school graduates who understand algebra, logarithms, and the basic principles of
electricity such as Ohm’s law. However, it is appreciated that many readers require support
in these areas. Appendices A and B review the essentials of electricity and mathematics
up through logarithms. This material was placed in the appendices so as not to distract
from the main theme, the technology of telecommunication systems. Another topic that
many in the industry find difficult is the use of decibels and derived units. Appendix C
provides the reader a basic understanding of decibels and their applications. The only
mathematics necessary is an understanding of the powers of ten
