Lithium–sulfur batteries are a promising energy-storage technology due to their relatively low cost and high theoretical energy density. However, one of their major technical problems is the shuttling of soluble polysulfides between electrodes, resulting in rapid capacity fading. Here, we present a metal–organic framework (MOF)-based battery separator to mitigate the shuttling problem. We show that the MOF-based separator acts as an ionic sieve in lithium–sulfur batteries, which selectively sieves Li+ ions while e ciently suppressing undesired polysulfides migrating to the anode side. When a sulfur-containing mesoporous carbon material (approximately 70 wt% sulfur content) is used as a cathode composite without elaborate synthesis or surface modification, a lithium–sulfur battery with a MOF-based separator exhibits a low capacity decay rate (0.019% per cycle over 1,500 cycles). Moreover, there is almost no capacity fading after the initial 100 cycles. Our approach demonstrates the potential for MOF-based materials as separators for energy-storage applications.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density and long cycle life are considered to be one of the most promising next-generation energy-storage systems beyond routine lithium-ion batteries. Various approaches have been proposed to break down technical barriers in Li–S battery systems. The use
of nanostructured metal oxides and sulfides for high sulfur utilization and long life span of Li–S batteries is reviewed here. The relationships between the intrinsic properties of metal oxide/sulfide hosts and electrochemical performances of Li–S batteries are discussed. Nanostructured metal oxides/ sulfides hosts used in solid sulfur cathodes, separators/interlayers, lithium- metal-anode protection, and lithium polysulfides batteries are discussed respectively. Prospects for the future developments of Li–S batteries with nanostructured metal oxides/sulfides are also discussed.
3rd Generation Partnership Project;
technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;
Further advancements for E-UTRA;
LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4
(Release 9)
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
technical realization of the Short Message Service (SMS)
Point-to-Point (PP)
(3GPP TS 03.40 version 7.5.0 Release 1998)
Indian urbanization is a complex puzzle which is extremely difficult to comprehend.
Yet, as academicians, it is our responsibility to study, comprehend, analyse, assimi-
late, and express on salient happenings in our urban systems. The expressions aim
at the larger sections of the society to disseminate technical evaluation in a compre-
hensible note. This edition focuses on awaking the society on the contextual reality
of urban India and also enabling policymakers with the situational understanding of
Indian cities.
This book provides technical information about all aspects of 3GPP LTE. The areas
covered range from basic concepts to research-grade material, including future
directions. The book captures the current state of 3GPP LTE technology and serves
as a source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. It has a total of
12 chapters authored by 50 experts from around the world. The targeted audi-
ence includes professionals who are designers or planners for 3GPP LTE systems,
researchers (faculty members and graduate students), and those who would like to
learn about this field.
The genesis for this book was my involvement with the development of the
SystemView (now SystemVue) simulation program at Elanix, Inc. Over several
years of development, technical support, and seminars, several issues kept recur-
ring. One common question was, “How do you simulate (such and such)?” The sec-
ond set of issues was based on modern communication systems, and why particular
developers did what they did. This book is an attempt to gather these issues into a
single comprehensive source.
Wireless technologies like GSM, UMTS, LTE, Wireless LAN and Bluetooth have
revolutionized the way we communicate by making services like telephony and Internet
access available anytime and from almost anywhere. Today, a great variety of technical
publications offer background information about these technologies but they all fall
short in one way or another. Books covering these technologies usually describe only
one of the systems in detail and are generally too complex as a first introduction. The
Internet is also a good source, but the articles one finds are usually too short and super-
ficial or only deal with a specific mechanism of one of the systems. For this reason, it
was difficult for me to recommend a single publication to students in my telecommunication
classes, which I have been teaching in addition to my work in the wireless telecommunication
industry. This book aims to change this.
