Recent advances in low voltage silicon germaniumand BiCMOS processes have allowed the design andproduction of very high speed amplifi ers. Because theprocesses are low voltage, most of the amplifi er designshave incorporated differential inputs and outputs to regainand maximize total output signal swing. Since many lowvoltageapplications are single-ended, the questions arise,“How can I use a differential I/O amplifi er in a single-endedapplication?” and “What are the implications of suchuse?” This Design Note addresses some of the practicalimplications and demonstrates specifi c single-endedapplications using the 3GHz gain-bandwidth LTC6406differential I/O amplifi er.
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：rocketrevenge
Linear Technology’s High Frequency Product lineupincludes a variety of RF I/Q modulators. The purpose ofthis application note is to illustrate the circuits requiredto interface these modulators with several popular D/Aconverters. Such circuits typically are required to maximizethe voltage transfer from the DAC to the baseband inputsof the modulator, as well as provide some reconstructionfi ltering.
上傳時間： 2013-10-19
上傳用戶：FreeSky
This application note features 8-, 10-, and 12-bit dataacquisition components in various circuit configurations.The circuits include battery monitoring, temperature sensing,isolated serial interfaces, and microprocessor andmicrocontroller serial and parallel interfaces. Also includedare voltage reference circuits (Application Note 42contains more voltage reference circuits).
上傳時間： 2014-01-15
上傳用戶：zq70996813
Most circuit designers are familiar with diode dynamiccharacteristics such as charge storage, voltage dependentcapacitance and reverse recovery time. Less commonlyacknowledged and manufacturer specifi ed is diode forwardturn-on time. This parameter describes the timerequired for a diode to turn on and clamp at its forwardvoltage drop. Historically, this extremely short time, unitsof nanoseconds, has been so small that user and vendoralike have essentially ignored it. It is rarely discussed andalmost never specifi ed. Recently, switching regulator clockrate and transition time have become faster, making diodeturn-on time a critical issue. Increased clock rates aremandated to achieve smaller magnetics size; decreasedtransition times somewhat aid overall effi ciency but areprincipally needed to minimize IC heat rise. At clock speedsbeyond about 1MHz, transition time losses are the primarysource of die heating.
上傳時間： 2013-10-10
上傳用戶：誰偷了我的麥兜
The LM20, LM45, LM50, LM60, LM61, and LM62 are analog output temperature sensors. They have various output voltage slopes (6.25mV/°C to 17mV/°C) and power supply voltage ranges (2.4V to 10V).The LM20 is the smallest, lowest power consumption analog output temperature sensor National Semiconductor has released. The LM70 and LM74 are MICROWIRE/SPI compatible digital temperature sensors. The LM70 has a resolution of 0.125°C while the LM74 has a resolution of 0.625°C. The LM74 is the most accurate of the two with an accuracy better than ±1.25°C. The LM75 is National’s first digital output temperature sensor, released several years ago.
上傳時間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶：yl8908
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
標簽： Converters Defini DAC
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：stvnash
ANALOG INPUT BANDWIDTH is a measure of the frequencyat which the reconstructed output fundamental drops3 dB below its low frequency value for a full scale input. Thetest is performed with fIN equal to 100 kHz plus integer multiplesof fCLK. The input frequency at which the output is −3dB relative to the low frequency input signal is the full powerbandwidth.APERTURE JITTER is the variation in aperture delay fromsample to sample. Aperture jitter shows up as input noise.APERTURE DELAY See Sampling Delay.BOTTOM OFFSET is the difference between the input voltagethat just causes the output code to transition to the firstcode and the negative reference voltage. Bottom Offset isdefined as EOB = VZT–VRB, where VZT is the first code transitioninput voltage and VRB is the lower reference voltage.Note that this is different from the normal Zero Scale Error.CONVERSION LATENCY See PIPELINE DELAY.CONVERSION TIME is the time required for a completemeasurement by an analog-to-digital converter. Since theConversion Time does not include acquisition time, multiplexerset up time, or other elements of a complete conversioncycle, the conversion time may be less than theThroughput Time.DC COMMON-MODE ERROR is a specification which appliesto ADCs with differential inputs. It is the change in theoutput code that occurs when the analog voltages on the twoinputs are changed by an equal amount. It is usually expressed in LSBs.
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：pans0ul
分析了調幅信號和載波信號之間的相位差與調制信號的極性的對應關系,得出了相敏檢波電路輸出電壓的極性與調制信號的極性有對應關系的結論。為了驗證相敏檢波電路的這一特性,給出3 個電路方案,分別選用理想元件和實際元件,采用Multisim 對其進行仿真實驗,直觀形象地演示了相敏檢波電路的鑒相特性,是傳統的實際操作實驗所不可比擬的。關鍵詞:相敏檢波;鑒相特性;Multisim;電路仿真 Abstract : The corresponding relation between modulation signal polarity and difference phases of amplitudemodulated signal and the carrier signal ,the polarity of phase2sensitive detecting circuit output voltage and the polarity of modulation signal are correspondent . In order to verify this characteristic ,three elect ric circuit s plans are produced ,idea element s and actual element s are selected respectively. Using Multisim to carry on a simulation experiment ,and then demonst rating the phase detecting characteristic of the phase sensitive circuit vividly and directly. Which is t raditional practical experience cannot be com pared.Keywords :phase sensitive detection ;phase2detecting characteristic ;Multisim;circuit simulation
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：guanhuihong
OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUIT COLLECTION AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE BIAS SUPPLY 1Provides an output voltage of 0V to +80V for reverse biasingan avalanche photodiode to control its gain. This circuit canalso be reconfigured to supply a 0V to –80V output.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–1This is a bridge-tied load (BTL) linear amplifier for drivinga thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It operates on a single +5Vsupply and can drive ±2A into a common TEC.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–2This is very similar to DRIVER–1 but its power output stagewas modified to operate from a single +3.3V supply in orderto increase its efficiency. Driving this amplifier from astandard +2.5V referenced signal causes the output transistorsto have unequal power dissipation.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–3This BTL TEC driver power output stage achieves very highefficiency by swinging very close to its supply rails, ±2.5V.This driver can also drive ±2A into a common TEC. Operationis shown with the power output stage operating on±1.5V supplies. Under these conditions, this linear amplifiercan achieve very high efficiency. Application ReportThe following collection of analog circuits may be useful in electro-optics applications such as optical networkingsystems. This page summarizes their salient characteristics.
上傳時間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶：落花無痕
鋁電解電容器：詳細介紹原理，應用，使用技巧 電容器(capacitor)在音響組件中被廣泛運用，濾波、反交連、高頻補償、直流回授...隨處可見。但若依功能及制造材料、制造方法細分，那可不是一朝一夕能說得明白。所以縮小范圍，本文只談電解電容，而且只談電源平滑濾波用的鋁質電解電容。 每臺音響機器都要吃電源─除了被動式前級，既然需要供電，那就少不了「濾波」這個動作。不要和我爭，采用電池供電當然無必要電源平滑濾波。但電池充電電路也有整流及濾波，故濾波電容器還是會存在。 我們現在習用的濾波電容，正式的名稱應是：鋁箔干式電解電容器。就我的觀察，除加拿大Sonic Frontiers真空管前級，曾在高壓穩壓線路中選用PP塑料電容做濾波外，其它機種一概都是采用鋁箔干式電解電容；因此網友有必要對它多做了解。 面對電源穩壓線路中擔任電源平滑濾波的電容器，你首先想到的會是什幺？─容量？耐壓？電容器的封裝外皮上一定有容量標示，那是指靜電容量；也一定有耐壓標示，那是指工作電壓或額定電壓。 工作電壓(working voltage)簡稱WV，為絕對安全值；若是surge voltage(簡稱SV或Vs)，就是涌浪電壓或崩潰電壓;，超過這個電壓值就保證此電容會被浪淹死─小心電容會爆！根據國際IEC 384-4規定，低于315V時，Vs=1.15×Vr，高于315V時，Vs=1.1×Vr。Vs是涌浪電壓，Vr是額定電壓(rated voltage)。
上傳時間： 2013-12-23
上傳用戶：gundan
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