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什么是CRC校驗？
CRC即循環冗余校驗碼（Cyclic Redundancy Check）：是數據通信領域中最常用的一種查錯校驗碼，其特征是信息字段和校驗字段的長度可以任意選定。奇偶校驗雖然簡單，但是漏檢率太高，而CRC則要低的多，所以大多數都是使用CRC來校驗。CRC也稱為多項式碼。
循環冗余檢查（CRC）是一種數據傳輸檢錯功能，對數據進行多項式計算，并將得到的結果附在幀的后面，接收設備也執行類似的算法，進而可以保證在軟件層次上數據傳輸的正確性和完整性。
CRC-16校驗碼的應用
根據Modbus協議，常規485通訊的信息發送形式如下：
| 地址 | 功能碼 | 數據信息 | 校驗碼 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1byte | 1byte | N byte | 2byte |
其中2 Byte的校驗碼一般就是采用CRC16。
我們之前的網文《485型風速和風向變送器數據包解析》中介紹的通訊協議就是16位CRC碼。
CRC-16校驗碼計算方法
1. 計算法
此方法缺點是計算量大，有時不方便使用在單片機中。
unsigned int calccrc(unsigned char crcbuf, unsigned int crc)
{
unsigned char i;
crc = crc ^ crcbuf;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
unsigned char chk;
chk = crc & 1;
crc = crc >> 1;
crc = crc & 0x7fff;
if (chk == 1)
crc = crc ^ 0xa001;
crc = crc & 0xffff;
}
return crc;
}
unsigned int chkcrc(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char len)
{
unsigned char hi, lo;
unsigned int i;
unsigned int crc;
crc = 0xFFFF;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
crc = calccrc(*buf, crc);
buf++;
}
hi = crc % 256;
lo = crc / 256;
crc = (hi << 8) | lo;
return crc;
}
2. 查表法
速度快，語句少，但表格占用一定的程序空間。
// 逆序CRC表
unsigned char aucCRCHi[]{
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40
};
unsigned char aucCRCLo[]{
0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7,
0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E,
0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09, 0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9,
0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC,
0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32,
0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D,
0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38,
0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF,
0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1,
0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4,
0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB,
0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA,
0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0,
0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97,
0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E,
0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89,
0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83,
0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40
};
unsigned short GetQuickCRC16(unsigned char * pBuffer, int Length)
{
unsigned char CRCHi = 0xFF;
unsigned char CRCLo = 0xFF;
unsigned char iIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
iIndex = CRCHi ^ pBuffer[i];
CRCHi = CRCLo ^ aucCRCHi[iIndex];
CRCLo = aucCRCLo[iIndex];
}
return (unsigned int)( CRCHi << 8 | CRCLo);// CRC校驗返回值
}
函數調用
int main()
{
unsigned char checkBitLow, checkBitHig;
unsigned char pCharData[6] = { 0x01 ,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02 };
unsigned int crc = chkcrc(pCharData, 6);
checkBitLow = (unsigned char)(crc & 0xff); //校驗位低8位
checkBitHig = (unsigned char)((crc >> 8) & 0xff); //校驗位高8位
printf ("chkcrc checkBitLow:%02X checkBitHig:%02X \n", checkBitHig,
checkBitLow);
crc = GetQuickCRC16(pCharData, 6);
checkBitLow = (unsigned char)(crc & 0xff);
checkBitHig = (unsigned char)((crc >> 8) & 0xff);
printf("GetQuickCRC16 checkBitLow:%02X checkBitHig:%02X \n", checkBitHig, checkBitLow);
}
測試結果：
在線CRC校驗網址
將 01 03 00 00 00 02 代入下面網址驗證：
CRC在線校驗地址 https://www.lammertbies.nl/comm/info/crc-calculation.html
專門的在線校驗計算器：16進制(CRC16)(MODBUS RTU通訊)校驗碼在線計算器 https://www.23bei.com/tool-59.html
CRC校驗工具 http://www.metools.info/code/c15.html
