為了有效地提升鉛酸蓄電池的使用壽命，同時實現對充電過程的監控，設計出一種用單片機控制的36 V鉛酸蓄電池充電電源。本電路采用反激式拓撲，連續電流工作模式，電源管理IC設計在電源的副邊，由ELAN公司的EM78P258N單片機模擬，是用可編程器件模擬電源管理IC，實現智能電源低成本化的一次成功嘗試，通過對單片機的軟件設計實現了充電電源的狀態顯示、充電時間控制、報警、過溫保護、過壓保護、過流保護等功能。本充電器真正的實現了鉛酸蓄電池的三段式充電過程，其最高輸出功率可達90 W，效率約85%，成本不到20元，具有很高的市場競爭力。
Abstract: In order to extend the life of lead-acid battery efficiently and supervise the charging process meanwhile， a 36V lead-acid battery charge powe supply controlled by microcontroller is designed. The charger is flyback switching power supply and works in CCM mode. A EM78P258N microcontroller made by ELAN microelectronics corporation is used as power management IC which is designed at the secondary circuit. The project is a successful attempt to low-cost intelligent power used microcontroller simulating power management IC. The charger also has the functions of the status reveal， charge time control， alarming， thermal protect， current limit and overvoltage protect by the software design. The circuit actually implements the three-step charge process， whose power is up to 90W and whose efficiency can get 85%. The net cost of this charger is less than 20 RMB， so that the charger is of powerful market competitiveness.
The CAT9555 is a CMOS device that provides 16-bitparallel input/output port expansion for I²C and SMBuscompatible applications. These I/O expanders providea simple solution in applications where additional I/Osare needed: sensors, power switches, LEDs,pushbuttons, and fans.
The μPSD32xx family, from ST, consists of Flash programmable system devices with a 8032 MicrocontrollerCore. Of these, the μPSD3234A and μPSD3254A are notable for having a complete implementationof the USB hardware directly on the chip, complying with the Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision1.1.This application note describes a demonstration program that has been written for the DK3200 hardwaredemonstration kit (incorporating a μPSD3234A device). It gives the user an idea of how simple it is to workwith the device, using the HID class as a ready-made device driver for the USB connection.IN-APPLICATION-PROGRAMMING (IAP) AND IN-SYSTEM-PROGRAMMING (ISP)Since the μPSD contains two independent Flash memory arrays, the Micro Controller Unit (MCU) can executecode from one memory while erasing and programming the other. Product firmware updates in thefield can be reliably performed over any communication channel (such as CAN, Ethernet, UART, J1850)using this unique architecture. For In-Application-Programming (IAP), all code is updated through theMCU. The main advantage for the user is that the firmware can be updated remotely. The target applicationruns and takes care on its own program code and data memory.IAP is not the only method to program the firmware in μPSD devices. They can also be programmed usingIn-System-Programming (ISP). A IEEE1149.1-compliant JTAG interface is included on the μPSD. Withthis, the entire device can be rapidly programmed while soldered to the circuit board (Main Flash memory,Secondary Boot Flash memory, the PLD, and all configuration areas). This requires no MCU participation.The MCU is completely bypassed. So, the μPSD can be programmed or reprogrammed any time, anywhere, even when completely uncommitted.Both methods take place with the device in its normal hardware environment, soldered to a printed circuitboard. The IAP method cannot be used without previous use of ISP, because IAP utilizes a small amountof resident code to receive the service commands, and to perform the desired operations.
