Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
標簽：
差分電路
單端
模式
上傳時間：
2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
附件是一款PCB阻抗匹配計算工具，點擊CITS25.exe直接打開使用，無需安裝。附件還帶有PCB連板的一些計算方法，連板的排法和PCB聯板的設計驗驗。
PCB設計的經驗建議:
1.一般連板長寬比率為1：1~2.5：1,同時注意For FuJi Machine:a.最大進板尺寸為:450*350mm,
2.針對有金手指的部分,板邊處需作掏空處理,建議不作為連板的部位.
3.連板方向以同一方向為優先,考量對稱防呆,特殊情況另作處理.
4.連板掏空長度超過板長度的1/2時,需加補強邊.
5.陰陽板的設計需作特殊考量.
6.工藝邊需根據實際需要作設計調整,軌道邊一般不少於6mm,實際中需考量板邊零件的排布,軌道設備正常卡壓距離為不少於3mm,及符合實際要求下的連板經濟性.
7.FIDUCIAL MARK或稱光學定位點,一般設計在對角處,為2個或4個,同時MARK點面需平整,無氧化,脫落現象;定位孔設計在板邊,為對稱設計,一般為4個,直徑為3mm,公差為±0.01inch.
8.V-cut深度需根據連板大小及基板板厚考量,角度建議為不少於45°.
9.連板設計的同時,需基於基板的分板方式考量<人工(治具)還是使用分板設備>.
10.使用針孔(郵票孔)聯接：需請考慮斷裂后的毛刺,及是否影響COB工序的Bonding機上的夾具穩定工作,還應考慮是否有無影響插件過軌道,及是否影響裝配組裝.
標簽：
PCB
阻抗匹配
計算工具
教程
上傳時間：
2014-12-31
上傳用戶：sunshine1402
