隨著單片機(jī)性能不斷提高而價(jià)格卻不斷下降, 單片機(jī)控制在越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域得以應(yīng)用。按照傳統(tǒng)的模式, 在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中, 先根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)要求設(shè)計(jì)原理圖, PCB 電路圖繪制, 電路板制作, 元器件的焊接, 然后進(jìn)行軟件編程, 通過(guò)仿真器對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件調(diào)試, 最后將調(diào)試成功的程序固化到單片機(jī)中。這一過(guò)程中的主要問(wèn)題是, 應(yīng)用程序需要在硬件完成的情況下才能進(jìn)行調(diào)試。雖然有的軟件可以進(jìn)行模擬調(diào)試, 但是對(duì)于一些復(fù)雜的程序如人機(jī)交互程序, 在沒(méi)有硬件的時(shí)候, 沒(méi)有界面的真實(shí)感, 給調(diào)試帶來(lái)困難。在軟硬件的配合中如需要修改硬件, 要重新制板, 在時(shí)間和投入上帶來(lái)很大的麻煩?？v觀整個(gè)過(guò)程, 無(wú)論是從硬件成本上, 還是從調(diào)試周期上, 傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)模式的效率有待提高。能否只使用一種開(kāi)發(fā)工具兼顧仿真, 調(diào)試, 制板, 以及最大限度的軟件模擬來(lái)作為單片機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái), 用它取代編程器、仿真器、成品前的硬件測(cè)試等工作是廣大單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)者的夢(mèng)想。
PROTEUS 軟件介紹為了更加直觀具體地說(shuō)明Proteus 軟件的實(shí)用價(jià)值, 本文以一具體的TAXI 的計(jì)價(jià)器和計(jì)時(shí)器電路板的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程為例。其電路板要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能是:㈠計(jì)時(shí)功能(相當(dāng)于時(shí)鐘);㈡里程計(jì)價(jià)功能:兩公里以內(nèi)價(jià)格為4 元, 以后每一公里加0.7 元, 不足一公里取整(如10.3 公里取11 公里);㈢通過(guò)鍵盤輸入里程, 模擬計(jì)算里程費(fèi), 實(shí)現(xiàn)Y= (X- 2)*0.7+4 的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算?；谏鲜龉δ? 選用ATMEL 公司生產(chǎn)的通用芯片AT89C51 單片機(jī)構(gòu)成應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。AT89C51 是內(nèi)含8 位4K 程序存儲(chǔ)器, 128B 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器, 2 個(gè)定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器的通用芯片。系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境采用ProteusISIS 6。2.1 計(jì)價(jià)器模擬系統(tǒng)硬件構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)主要由一個(gè)AT89C51 單片機(jī)、74LS373、74LS240、矩陣鍵盤、4 位7 段數(shù)碼管等組成。通用AT89C51 單片機(jī)芯片作為整個(gè)電路的核心部分、74LS373 作為L(zhǎng)ED 段選控制、74LS240四路反相器則為4 位共陰極7 段數(shù)碼管提供位選通信號(hào)、矩陣鍵盤輸入控制信號(hào)。
標(biāo)簽：
Proteus
單片機(jī)
出租車計(jì)價(jià)器
上傳時(shí)間：
2013-11-09
上傳用戶：木子葉1
Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
標(biāo)簽：
差分電路
單端
模式
上傳時(shí)間：
2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
