Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
標(biāo)簽：
差分電路
單端
模式
上傳時(shí)間：
2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
PCB Layout Rule Rev1.70, 規(guī)範(fàn)內(nèi)容如附件所示, 其中分為:
(1) ”PCB LAYOUT 基本規(guī)範(fàn)”:為R&D Layout時(shí)必須遵守的事項(xiàng), 否則SMT,DIP,裁板時(shí)無法生產(chǎn).
(2) “錫偷LAYOUT RULE建議規(guī)範(fàn)”: 加適合的錫偷可降低短路及錫球.
(3) “PCB LAYOUT 建議規(guī)範(fàn)”:為製造單位為提高量產(chǎn)良率,建議R&D在design階段即加入PCB Layout.
(4) ”零件選用建議規(guī)範(fàn)”: Connector零件在未來應(yīng)用逐漸廣泛, 又是SMT生產(chǎn)時(shí)是偏移及置件不良的主因,故製造希望R&D及採購在購買異形零件時(shí)能顧慮製造的需求, 提高自動(dòng)置件的比例.
標(biāo)簽：
LAYOUT
PCB
設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范
上傳時(shí)間：
2013-11-03
上傳用戶：tzl1975
