為了提高直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制（DTC）系統(tǒng)定子磁鏈估計精度，降低電流、電壓測量的隨機誤差，提出了一種基于擴展卡爾曼濾波（EKF）實現(xiàn)異步電機轉(zhuǎn)子位置和速度估計的方法。擴展卡爾曼濾波器是建立在基于旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標系下由定子電流、電壓、轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速和其它電機參量所構(gòu)成的電機模型上，將定子電流、定子磁鏈、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)子角位置作為狀態(tài)變量，定子電壓為輸入變量，定子電流為輸出變量，通過對磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)速的閉環(huán)控制提高定子磁鏈的估計精度，實現(xiàn)了異步電機的無速度傳感器直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略，仿真結(jié)果驗證了該方法的可行性,提高了直接轉(zhuǎn)矩的控制性能。
Abstract:
In order to improve the Direct Torque Control（DTC） system of stator flux estimation accuracy and reduce the current， voltage measurement of random error， a novel method to estimate the speed and rotor position of asynchronous motor based on extended Kalman filter was introduced. EKF was based on d-p axis motor and other motor parameters （state vector: stator current， stator flux linkage， rotor angular speed and position； input: stator voltage； output: staror current). EKF was designed for stator flux and rotor speed estimation in close-loop control. It can improve the estimated accuracy of stator flux. It is possible to estimate the speed and rotor position and implement asynchronous motor drives without position and speed sensors. The simulation results show it is efficient and improves the control performance.
為了實現(xiàn)鐵路道口列車接近定時報警，提出了一種基于軌道電路的列車測速系統(tǒng)設計方法。在鐵路道口的遠端設置兩段相鄰的25 m軌道電路，列車接近時，兩段軌道電路依次動作。采用單片機電路測出兩段軌道電路動作的時間間隔，即可計算出列車的行駛速度。將列車的速度信息發(fā)送給道口控制中心，確定道口合理的關閉時機。實驗結(jié)果表明，測速精度可達到0.1 m /s，能夠滿足系統(tǒng)的要求。
