隨著單片機(jī)性能不斷提高而價(jià)格卻不斷下降, 單片機(jī)控制在越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域得以應(yīng)用。按照傳統(tǒng)的模式, 在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中, 先根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)要求設(shè)計(jì)原理圖, PCB 電路圖繪制, 電路板制作, 元器件的焊接, 然后進(jìn)行軟件編程, 通過(guò)仿真器對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件調(diào)試, 最后將調(diào)試成功的程序固化到單片機(jī)中。這一過(guò)程中的主要問(wèn)題是, 應(yīng)用程序需要在硬件完成的情況下才能進(jìn)行調(diào)試。雖然有的軟件可以進(jìn)行模擬調(diào)試, 但是對(duì)于一些復(fù)雜的程序如人機(jī)交互程序, 在沒(méi)有硬件的時(shí)候, 沒(méi)有界面的真實(shí)感, 給調(diào)試帶來(lái)困難。在軟硬件的配合中如需要修改硬件, 要重新制板, 在時(shí)間和投入上帶來(lái)很大的麻煩。縱觀整個(gè)過(guò)程, 無(wú)論是從硬件成本上, 還是從調(diào)試周期上, 傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)模式的效率有待提高。能否只使用一種開(kāi)發(fā)工具兼顧仿真, 調(diào)試, 制板, 以及最大限度的軟件模擬來(lái)作為單片機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái), 用它取代編程器、仿真器、成品前的硬件測(cè)試等工作是廣大單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)者的夢(mèng)想。 PROTEUS 軟件介紹為了更加直觀具體地說(shuō)明Proteus 軟件的實(shí)用價(jià)值, 本文以一具體的TAXI 的計(jì)價(jià)器和計(jì)時(shí)器電路板的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程為例。其電路板要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能是:㈠計(jì)時(shí)功能(相當(dāng)于時(shí)鐘);㈡里程計(jì)價(jià)功能:兩公里以內(nèi)價(jià)格為4 元, 以后每一公里加0.7 元, 不足一公里取整(如10.3 公里取11 公里);㈢通過(guò)鍵盤(pán)輸入里程, 模擬計(jì)算里程費(fèi), 實(shí)現(xiàn)Y= (X- 2)*0.7+4 的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。基于上述功能, 選用ATMEL 公司生產(chǎn)的通用芯片AT89C51 單片機(jī)構(gòu)成應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。AT89C51 是內(nèi)含8 位4K 程序存儲(chǔ)器, 128B 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器, 2 個(gè)定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器的通用芯片。系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境采用ProteusISIS 6。2.1 計(jì)價(jià)器模擬系統(tǒng)硬件構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)主要由一個(gè)AT89C51 單片機(jī)、74LS373、74LS240、矩陣鍵盤(pán)、4 位7 段數(shù)碼管等組成。通用AT89C51 單片機(jī)芯片作為整個(gè)電路的核心部分、74LS373 作為L(zhǎng)ED 段選控制、74LS240四路反相器則為4 位共陰極7 段數(shù)碼管提供位選通信號(hào)、矩陣鍵盤(pán)輸入控制信號(hào)。
標(biāo)簽： Proteus 單片機(jī) 出租車(chē)計(jì)價(jià)器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：木子葉1
1 /**————————————————————2 〖說(shuō)明〗I2C總線驅(qū)動(dòng)程序(用兩個(gè)普通IO模擬I2C總線)3 包括100Khz(T=10us)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式(慢速模式)選擇，4 和400Khz(T=2.5us)的快速模式選擇，5 默認(rèn)11.0592Mhz的晶振。6 〖文件〗PCF8563T.C ﹫2001/11/2 77 〖作者〗龍嘯九天 c51@yeah.net http://www.c51bbs.co /8 〖修改〗修改建議請(qǐng)到論壇公布 http://www.c51bbs.co m9 〖版本〗V1.00A Build 080310 —————————————————————*/1112 #ifndef SDA13 #define SDA P0_014 #define SCL P0_115 #endif1617 extern uchar SystemError;1819 #define uchar unsigned char20 #define uint unsigned int21 #define Byte unsigned char22 #define Word unsigned int23 #define bool bit24 #define true 125 #define false 02627 #define SomeNOP(); _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();2829 /**--------------------------------------------------------------------------------30 調(diào)用方式：void I2CStart(void) ﹫2001/07/0 431 函數(shù)說(shuō)明：私有函數(shù)，I2C專(zhuān)用32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/33 void I2CStart(void)34 {35 EA=0;36 SDA=1; SCL=1; SomeNOP();//INI37 SDA=0; SomeNOP(); //START38 SCL=0;39 }4041 /**--------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 調(diào)用方式：void I2CStop(void) ﹫2001/07/0 443 函數(shù)說(shuō)明：私有函數(shù)，I2C專(zhuān)用44 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/45 void I2CStop(void)46 {47 SCL=0; SDA=0; SomeNOP(); //INI48 SCL=1; SomeNOP(); SDA=1; //STOP49 EA=1;50 }5152 /**--------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 調(diào)用方式：bit I2CAck(void) ﹫2001/07/0 454 函數(shù)說(shuō)明：私有函數(shù)，I2C專(zhuān)用，等待從器件接收方的應(yīng)答55 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/56 bool WaitAck(void)57 {58 uchar errtime=255;//因故障接收方無(wú)ACK，超時(shí)值為255。59 SDA=1;SomeNOP();60 SCL=1;SomeNOP();61 while(SDA) {errtime--; if (!errtime) {I2CStop();SystemError=0x11;return false;}}62 SCL=0;63 return true;
標(biāo)簽： I2C 總線 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-04-11
上傳用戶：xg262122
PIC系列單片機(jī)手冊(cè) 第1 章 簡(jiǎn)介 1-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2本手冊(cè)的宗旨 ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3器件結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-4開(kāi)發(fā)支持 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-6器件種類(lèi) .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-7格式和符號(hào)的約定 ......................................................................................................................................... 1-12相關(guān)文檔 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 1-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-18第2 章 振蕩器 2-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2振蕩器配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2晶體振蕩器 / 陶瓷諧振器 ................................................................................................................................. 2-4外部RC 振蕩器 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-124MHz 內(nèi)部 RC 振蕩器 ................................................................................................................................... 2-13休眠模式對(duì)片內(nèi)振蕩器的影響 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17器件復(fù)位對(duì)片內(nèi)振蕩器的影響 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 2-19版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-20第3 章 復(fù)位 3-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2上電復(fù)位、上電延時(shí)定時(shí)器、 起振定時(shí)器、欠壓復(fù)位和奇偶校驗(yàn)錯(cuò)誤復(fù)位 ...................................................... 3-4寄存器和狀態(tài)位的值 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-18 第4 章 架構(gòu) 4-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-2時(shí)序圖/ 指令周期 ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5指令流/ 流水線 ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6I/O 端口描述 .................................................................................................................................................... 4-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 4-13版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-14 第5 章 CPU 和ALU 5-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-2指令的一般格式 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-4中央處理單元（CPU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-4指令時(shí)鐘 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4算術(shù)邏輯單元（ALU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-5狀態(tài)寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-6OPTION_REG 寄存器 ..................................................................................................................................... 5-8電源控制寄存器 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 5-11版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-12第6 章 存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 6-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-2程序存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-2數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-8初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6-14設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 6-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-18第7 章 數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM 7-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-3EEADR ............................................................................................................................................................ 7-4EECON1 和EECON2 寄存器 .......................................................................................................................... 7-4從EEPROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中讀數(shù)據(jù) .................................................................................................................... 7-5向EEPROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù) .................................................................................................................... 7-5寫(xiě)校驗(yàn) ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6誤寫(xiě)操作保護(hù) ................................................................................................................................................... 7-7代碼保護(hù)配置下的數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM 操作 ............................................................................................................. 7-7初始化 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-9版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-10第8 章 中斷 8-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-5中斷響應(yīng)延時(shí) ................................................................................................................................................. 8-10INT 和外部中斷 .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10中斷的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)保護(hù) ............................................................................................................................................. 8-11初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-14設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-18第9 章 I/O 端口 9-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 9-2PORTA 和TRISA 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-4PORTB 和TRISB 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-6PORTC 和TRISC 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-8PORTD 和TRISD 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-9PORTE 和TRISE 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-10PORTF 和 TRISF 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-11PORTG 和TRISG 寄存器 .............................................................................................................................. 9-12GPIO 和TRISGP 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-13I/O 編程注意事項(xiàng) ........................................................................................................................................... 9-14初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9-16設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-17相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 9-19版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-20第10 章 并行從動(dòng)端口 10-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-4休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 10-5復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-5PSP 波形 ....................................................................................................................................................... 10-5設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-6相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-7版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-8 第11 章 TIMER0 11-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-4TMR0 中斷 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-5Timer0 外部時(shí)鐘的使用 ................................................................................................................................. 11-6TMR0 的預(yù)分頻器 ......................................................................................................................................... 11-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 11-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-12第12 章 TIMER1 12-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 12-3Timer1 工作在定時(shí)器模式 ..............................................................................................................................12-4Timer1 工作在同步計(jì)數(shù)器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-4Timer1 工作在異步計(jì)數(shù)器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-5Timer1 振蕩器 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-7休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-9用CCP 觸發(fā)器的輸出將Timer1 復(fù)位 ............................................................................................................. 12-9Timer1 寄存器（TMR1H:TMR1L）的復(fù)位 .................................................................................................... 12-9Timer1 預(yù)分頻器 ............................................................................................................................................ 12-9初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 12-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-14第13 章 TIMER2 13-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 13-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 13-3定時(shí)器時(shí)鐘源 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-4定時(shí)器TMR2 和PR2 周期寄存器 .................................................................................................................. 13-4TMR2 匹配輸出 ............................................................................................................................................. 13-4將Timer2 的預(yù)分頻器和后分頻器清零 ........................................................................................................... 13-4休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-4初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13-5設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-6相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-7版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-8第14 章 比較/ 捕捉/ 脈寬調(diào)制(CCP) 14-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 14-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 14-3捕捉模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-4比較模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-6PWM 模式 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14-8初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 14-12設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-15相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 14-17版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-18第15 章 同步串行口（SSP） 15-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 15-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-6SSP 模塊的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 15-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15-26設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-28相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 15-29版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-30第16 章 基本同步串行口（BSSP） 16-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 16-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-6SSP 模塊 的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 16-15初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16-23設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-24相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 16-25版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-26第17 章 主同步串行口（MSSP） 17-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-4SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-9SSP 模塊的 I2C™ 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 17-18I2CTM 總線的連接注意事項(xiàng) ........................................................................................................................... 17-56初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17-57設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-58相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 17-59版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-60第18 章 USART 18-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 18-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 18-3USART 波特率發(fā)生器（BRG） ..................................................................................................................... 18-5USART 異步工作模式 ................................................................................................................................... 18-8USART 同步主控模式 .................................................................................................................................. 18-15USART 同步從動(dòng)模式 ................................................................................................................................. 18-19初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 18-21設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-22相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 18-23版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-24第19 章 參考電壓模塊 19-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 19-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-3配置參考電壓 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-4參考電壓精度 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-5休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 19-5復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-5連接注意事項(xiàng) ................................................................................................................................................. 19-6初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 19-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19-8相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-9版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19-10第20 章 比較器 20-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 20-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-3設(shè)置比較器模式 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-4比較器工作原理 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-6比較器參考源 ................................................................................................................................................. 20-6比較器的響應(yīng)時(shí)間 ......................................................................................................................................... 20-8比較器輸出 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-8比較器中斷 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9休眠狀態(tài)下比較器的操作 ............................................................................................................................... 20-9復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9模擬輸入連接方式注意事項(xiàng) .......................................................................................................................... 20-10初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 20-11設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 20-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-14第21 章 8 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 21-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 21-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-5A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 21-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-8配置模擬輸入端口 ......................................................................................................................................... 21-9A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-10休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 21-12A/D 精度/ 誤差 ............................................................................................................................................ 21-13復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 21-13CCP 觸發(fā)器的使用 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-14連接注意事項(xiàng) ............................................................................................................................................... 21-14傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-14初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 21-15設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-17版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-18第22 章 基本型8 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 22-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 22-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 22-3A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 22-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 22-8配置模擬輸入端口 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-10A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-11休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 22-14A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換精度/ 誤差 ..................................................................................................................................... 22-15復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 22-16連接時(shí)的考慮事項(xiàng) ....................................................................................................................................... 22-16傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 22-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 22-19版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-20第23 章 10 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 23-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 23-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-5A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 23-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-8模擬輸入引腳的設(shè)置 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-9A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的編程舉例 .................................................................................................................................... 23-10休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 23-14復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 23-14A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換精度與誤差 .................................................................................................................................... 23-15連接時(shí)的考慮事項(xiàng) ....................................................................................................................................... 23-16傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 23-19版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-20第24 章 積分型A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 24-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 24-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 24-3轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24-6其它模擬模塊 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-12校準(zhǔn)參數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-13設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-15版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-16第25 章 LCD 25-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 25-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 25-3LCD 定時(shí) ....................................................................................................................................................... 25-6LCD 中斷 ..................................................................................................................................................... 25-12像素控制 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-13電壓發(fā)生器 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-15休眠模式下的操作 ....................................................................................................................................... 25-16復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-17LCD 模塊的設(shè)置 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-17判別比 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-18LCD 電壓發(fā)生器 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-20對(duì)比度 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-22LCD 玻璃基板 .............................................................................................................................................. 25-22初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-23設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-24相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 25-25版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-26第26 章 看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器與休眠模式 26-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 26-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 26-3看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器（WDT）的操作 ....................................................................................................................... 26-4休眠省電模式 ................................................................................................................................................. 26-7初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 26-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-12第27 章 器件配置位 27-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 27-2配置字位 ........................................................................................................................................................ 27-4編程校驗(yàn)/ 代碼保護(hù) ....................................................................................................................................... 27-8識(shí)別碼ID 的位置 ........................................................................................................................................... 27-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 27-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-12第28 章 在線串行編程 28-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 28-2進(jìn)入在線串行編程模式 .................................................................................................................................. 28-3應(yīng)用電路 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-4編程器 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28-6編程環(huán)境 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-6其它優(yōu)點(diǎn) ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-7PICmicro® OTP 型單片機(jī)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編程 ............................................................................................................. 28-8FLASH 型 PICmicro® 單片機(jī)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編程 ...................................................................................................... 28-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 28-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-14第29 章 指令集 29-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 29-2指令格式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-4作為源/ 目標(biāo)寄存器的特殊功能寄存器 ........................................................................................................... 29-6Q 周期操作 .................................................................................................................................................... 29-7指令描述 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-8設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-45相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 29-47版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-48第30 章 電氣規(guī)范 30-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 30-2絕對(duì)最大值 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-3器件選型表 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-4器件電壓規(guī)范 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-5器件電流特性 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-6輸入閾值電平 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-9I/O 電流特性 ................................................................................................................................................ 30-10輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-11I/O 引腳的容性負(fù)載 ..................................................................................................................................... 30-12數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM / 閃存 .................................................................................................................................. 30-13LCD ............................................................................................................................................................. 30-14比較器和參考電壓 ....................................................................................................................................... 30-15時(shí)序參數(shù)符號(hào) ............................................................................................................................................... 30-16外部時(shí)鐘時(shí)序波形圖和時(shí)序要求示例 ............................................................................................................ 30-17上電和復(fù)位時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-19定時(shí)器Timer0 和Timer1 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ......................................................................................... 30-20CCP 的時(shí)序圖及要求 ................................................................................................................................... 30-21并行從動(dòng)端口 (PSP) 時(shí)序圖及要求 .............................................................................................................. 30-22SSP 和 MSSP SPITM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ....................................................................................... 30-23SSP I2CTM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ........................................................................................................ 30-27MSSP I2CTM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ..................................................................................................... 30-30USART/SCI 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................. 30-328 位 A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ................................................................................................................... 30-3410 位A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ................................................................................................................. 30-36積分型A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-38LCD 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ......................................................................................................................... 30-40相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-41版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30-42第31 章 器件特性 31-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31-2特性和電氣規(guī)范 ............................................................................................................................................. 31-2DC 和AC 特性圖表 ....................................................................................................................................... 31-2版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31-22第32 章 開(kāi)發(fā)工具 32-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 32-2集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境（IDE） ................................................................................................................................... 32-3MPLAB® 軟件語(yǔ)言支持 ................................................................................................................................. 32-6MPLAB® SIM 軟件模擬器 ............................................................................................................................... 32-8MPLAB® 硬件仿真器支持 ............................................................................................................................... 32-9MPLAB® 編程器支持 ................................................................................................................................... 32-10輔助工具 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-11開(kāi)發(fā)板 ......................................................................................................................................................... 32-12針對(duì)其它Microchip 產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)工具 ............................................................................................................ 32-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 32-15版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-16第33 章 代碼開(kāi)發(fā) 33-1版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33-2第34 章 附錄 34-1I2CTM 概述...................................................................................................................................................... 34-2LCD 玻璃基板生產(chǎn)商.................................................................................................................................... 34-11改進(jìn)的器件特性............................................................................................................................................ 34-13版本歷史....................................................................................................................................................... 34-19第35 章 術(shù)語(yǔ)表 35-1版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 35-14目錄
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：nanshan
單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)抗干擾技術(shù):第1章 電磁干擾控制基礎(chǔ). 1.1 電磁干擾的基本概念1 1.1.1 噪聲與干擾1 1.1.2 電磁干擾的形成因素2 1.1.3 干擾的分類(lèi)2 1.2 電磁兼容性3 1.2.1 電磁兼容性定義3 1.2.2 電磁兼容性設(shè)計(jì)3 1.2.3 電磁兼容性常用術(shù)語(yǔ)4 1.2.4 電磁兼容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6 1.3 差模干擾和共模干擾8 1.3.1 差模干擾8 1.3.2 共模干擾9 1.4 電磁耦合的等效模型9 1.4.1 集中參數(shù)模型9 1.4.2 分布參數(shù)模型10 1.4.3 電磁波輻射模型11 1.5 電磁干擾的耦合途徑14 1.5.1 傳導(dǎo)耦合14 1.5.2 感應(yīng)耦合（近場(chǎng)耦合）15 .1.5.3 電磁輻射耦合（遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)耦合）15 1.6 單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)電磁干擾控制的一般方法16 第2章 數(shù)字信號(hào)耦合與傳輸機(jī)理 2.1 數(shù)字信號(hào)與電磁干擾18 2.1.1 數(shù)字信號(hào)的開(kāi)關(guān)速度與頻譜18 2.1.2 開(kāi)關(guān)暫態(tài)電源尖峰電流噪聲22 2.1.3 開(kāi)關(guān)暫態(tài)接地反沖噪聲24 2.1.4 高速數(shù)字電路的EMI特點(diǎn)25 2.2 導(dǎo)線阻抗與線間耦合27 2.2.1 導(dǎo)體交直流電阻的計(jì)算27 2.2.2 導(dǎo)體電感量的計(jì)算29 2.2.3 導(dǎo)體電容量的計(jì)算31 2.2.4 電感耦合分析32 2.2.5 電容耦合分析35 2.3 信號(hào)的長(zhǎng)線傳輸36 2.3.1 長(zhǎng)線傳輸過(guò)程的數(shù)學(xué)描述36 2.3.2 均勻傳輸線特性40 2.3.3 傳輸線特性阻抗計(jì)算42 2.3.4 傳輸線特性阻抗的重復(fù)性與阻抗匹配44 2.4 數(shù)字信號(hào)傳輸過(guò)程中的畸變45 2.4.1 信號(hào)傳輸?shù)娜肷浠?5 2.4.2 信號(hào)傳輸?shù)姆瓷浠?6 2.5 信號(hào)傳輸畸變的抑制措施49 2.5.1 最大傳輸線長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算49 2.5.2 端點(diǎn)的阻抗匹配50 2.6 數(shù)字信號(hào)的輻射52 2.6.1 差模輻射52 2.6.2 共模輻射55 2.6.3 差模和共模輻射比較57 第3章 常用元件的可靠性能與選擇 3.1 元件的選擇與降額設(shè)計(jì)59 3.1.1 元件的選擇準(zhǔn)則59 3.1.2 元件的降額設(shè)計(jì)59 3.2 電阻器60 3.2.1 電阻器的等效電路60 3.2.2 電阻器的內(nèi)部噪聲60 3.2.3 電阻器的溫度特性61 3.2.4 電阻器的分類(lèi)與主要參數(shù)62 3.2.5 電阻器的正確選用66 3.3 電容器67 3.3.1 電容器的等效電路67 3.3.2 電容器的種類(lèi)與型號(hào)68 3.3.3 電容器的標(biāo)志方法70 3.3.4 電容器引腳的電感量71 3.3.5 電容器的正確選用71 3.3.6 電容器使用注意事項(xiàng)73 3.4 電感器73 3.4.1 電感器的等效電路74 3.4.2 電感器使用的注意事項(xiàng)74 3.5 數(shù)字集成電路的抗干擾性能75 3.5.1 噪聲容限與抗干擾能力75 3.5.2 施密特集成電路的噪聲容限77 3.5.3 TTL數(shù)字集成電路的抗干擾性能78 3.5.4 CMOS數(shù)字集成電路的抗干擾性能79 3.5.5 CMOS電路使用中注意事項(xiàng)80 3.5.6 集成門(mén)電路系列型號(hào)81 3.6 高速CMOS 54/74HC系列接口設(shè)計(jì)83 3.6.1 54/74HC 系列芯片特點(diǎn)83 3.6.2 74HC與TTL接口85 3.6.3 74HC與單片機(jī)接口85 3.7 元器件的裝配工藝對(duì)可靠性的影響86 第4章 電磁干擾硬件控制技術(shù) 4.1 屏蔽技術(shù)88 4.1.1 電場(chǎng)屏蔽88 4.1.2 磁場(chǎng)屏蔽89 4.1.3 電磁場(chǎng)屏蔽91 4.1.4 屏蔽損耗的計(jì)算92 4.1.5 屏蔽體屏蔽效能的計(jì)算99 4.1.6 屏蔽箱的設(shè)計(jì)100 4.1.7 電磁泄漏的抑制措施102 4.1.8 電纜屏蔽層的屏蔽原理108 4.1.9 屏蔽與接地113 4.1.10 屏蔽設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)113 4.2 接地技術(shù)114 4.2.1 概述114 4.2.2 安全接地115 4.2.3 工作接地117 4.2.4 接地系統(tǒng)的布局119 4.2.5 接地裝置和接地電阻120 4.2.6 地環(huán)路問(wèn)題121 4.2.7 浮地方式122 4.2.8 電纜屏蔽層接地123 4.3 濾波技術(shù)126 4.3.1 濾波器概述127 4.3.2 無(wú)源濾波器130 4.3.3 有源濾波器138 4.3.4 鐵氧體抗干擾磁珠143 4.3.5 貫通濾波器146 4.3.6 電纜線濾波連接器149 4.3.7 PCB板濾波器件154 4.4 隔離技術(shù)155 4.4.1 光電隔離156 4.4.2 繼電器隔離160 4.4.3 變壓器隔離 161 4.4.4 布線隔離161 4.4.5 共模扼流圈162 4.5 電路平衡結(jié)構(gòu)164 4.5.1 雙絞線在平衡電路中的使用164 4.5.2 同軸電纜的平衡結(jié)構(gòu)165 4.5.3 差分放大器165 4.6 雙絞線的抗干擾原理及應(yīng)用166 4.6.1 雙絞線的抗干擾原理166 4.6.2 雙絞線的應(yīng)用168 4.7 信號(hào)線間的串?dāng)_及抑制169 4.7.1 線間串?dāng)_分析169 4.7.2 線間串?dāng)_的抑制173 4.8 信號(hào)線的選擇與敷設(shè)174 4.8.1 信號(hào)線型式的選擇174 4.8.2 信號(hào)線截面的選擇175 4.8.3 單股導(dǎo)線的阻抗分析175 4.8.4 信號(hào)線的敷設(shè)176 4.9 漏電干擾的防止措施177 4.10 抑制數(shù)字信號(hào)噪聲常用硬件措施177 4.10.1 數(shù)字信號(hào)負(fù)傳輸方式178 4.10.2 提高數(shù)字信號(hào)的電壓等級(jí)178 4.10.3 數(shù)字輸入信號(hào)的RC阻容濾波179 4.10.4 提高輸入端的門(mén)限電壓181 4.10.5 輸入開(kāi)關(guān)觸點(diǎn)抖動(dòng)干擾的抑制方法181 4.10.6 提高器件的驅(qū)動(dòng)能力184 4.11 靜電放電干擾及其抑制184 第5章 主機(jī)單元配置與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 5.1 單片機(jī)主機(jī)單元組成特點(diǎn)186 5.1.1 80C51最小應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)186 5.1.2 低功耗單片機(jī)最小應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)187 5.2 總線的可靠性設(shè)計(jì)191 5.2.1 總線驅(qū)動(dòng)器191 5.2.2 總線的負(fù)載平衡192 5.2.3 總線上拉電阻的配置192 5.3 芯片配置與抗干擾193 5.3.1去耦電容配置194 5.3.2 數(shù)字輸入端的噪聲抑制194 5.3.3 數(shù)字電路不用端的處理195 5.3.4 存儲(chǔ)器的布線196 5.4 譯碼電路的可靠性分析197 5.4.1 過(guò)渡干擾與譯碼選通197 5.4.2 譯碼方式與抗干擾200 5.5 時(shí)鐘電路配置200 5.6 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì)201 5.6.1 復(fù)位電路RC參數(shù)的選擇201 5.6.2 復(fù)位電路的可靠性與抗干擾分析202 5.6.3 I/O接口芯片的延時(shí)復(fù)位205 5.7 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的中斷保護(hù)問(wèn)題205 5.7.1 80C51單片機(jī)的中斷機(jī)構(gòu)205 5.7.2 常用的幾種中斷保護(hù)措施205 5.8 RAM數(shù)據(jù)掉電保護(hù)207 5.8.1 片內(nèi)RAM數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)207 5.8.2 利用雙片選的外RAM數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)207 5.8.3 利用DS1210實(shí)現(xiàn)外RAM數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)208 5.8.4 2 KB非易失性隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器DS1220AB/AD211 5.9 看門(mén)狗技術(shù)215 5.9.1 由單穩(wěn)態(tài)電路實(shí)現(xiàn)看門(mén)狗電路216 5.9.2 利用單片機(jī)片內(nèi)定時(shí)器實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件看門(mén)狗217 5.9.3 軟硬件結(jié)合的看門(mén)狗技術(shù)219 5.9.4 單片機(jī)內(nèi)配置看門(mén)狗電路221 5.10 微處理器監(jiān)控器223 5.10.1 微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX703～709/813L223 5.10.2 微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX791227 5.10.3 微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX807231 5.10.4 微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX690A/MAX692A234 5.10.5 微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX691A/MAX693A238 5.10.6 帶備份電池的微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX1691242 5.11 串行E2PROM X25045245 第6章 測(cè)量單元配置與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 6.1 概述255 6.2 模擬信號(hào)放大器256 6.2.1 集成運(yùn)算放大器256 6.2.2 測(cè)量放大器組成原理260 6.2.3 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD521263 6.2.4 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD522265 6.2.5 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD526266 6.2.6 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD620270 6.2.7 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD623274 6.2.8 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD624276 6.2.9 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD625278 6.2.10 單片集成測(cè)量放大器AD626281 6.3 電壓/電流變換器（V/I）283 6.3.1 V/I變換電路..283 6.3.2 集成V/I變換器XTR101284 6.3.3 集成V/I變換器XTR110289 6.3.4 集成V/I變換器AD693292 6.3.5 集成V/I變換器AD694299 6.4 電流/電壓變換器（I/V）302 6.4.1 I/V變換電路302 6.4.2 RCV420型I/V變換器303 6.5 具有放大、濾波、激勵(lì)功能的模塊2B30/2B31305 6.6 模擬信號(hào)隔離放大器313 6.6.1 隔離放大器ISO100313 6.6.2 隔離放大器ISO120316 6.6.3 隔離放大器ISO122319 6.6.4 隔離放大器ISO130323 6.6.5 隔離放大器ISO212P326 6.6.6 由兩片VFC320組成的隔離放大器329 6.6.7 由兩光耦組成的實(shí)用線性隔離放大器333 6.7 數(shù)字電位器及其應(yīng)用336 6.7.1 非易失性數(shù)字電位器x9221336 6.7.2 非易失性數(shù)字電位器x9241343 6.8 傳感器供電電源的配置及抗干擾346 6.8.1 傳感器供電電源的擾動(dòng)補(bǔ)償347 6.8.2 單片集成精密電壓芯片349 6.8.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片提供基準(zhǔn)電壓350 6.9 測(cè)量單元噪聲抑制措施351 6.9.1 外部噪聲源的干擾及其抑制351 6.9.2 輸入信號(hào)串模干擾的抑制352 6.9.3 輸入信號(hào)共模干擾的抑制353 6.9.4 儀器儀表的接地噪聲355 第7章 D/A、A/D單元配置與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 7.1 D/A、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的干擾源357 7.2 D/A轉(zhuǎn)換原理及抗干擾分析358 7.2.1 T型電阻D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器359 7.2.2 基準(zhǔn)電源精度要求361 7.2.3 D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器的尖峰干擾362 7.3 典型D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器與單片機(jī)接口363 7.3.1 并行12位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器AD667363 7.3.2 串行12位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器MAX5154370 7.4 D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器與單片機(jī)的光電接口電路377 7.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器原理與抗干擾性能378 7.5.1 逐次比較式ADC原理378 7.5.2 余數(shù)反饋比較式ADC原理378 7.5.3 雙積分ADC原理380 7.5.4 V/F ADC原理382 7.5.5 ∑Δ式ADC原理384 7.6 典型A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器與單片機(jī)接口387 7.6.18 位并行逐次比較式MAX 118387 7.6.28 通道12位A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器MAX 197394 7.6.3 雙積分式A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器5G14433399 7.6.4 V/F轉(zhuǎn)換器AD 652在A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器中的應(yīng)用403 7.7 采樣保持電路與抗干擾措施408 7.8 多路模擬開(kāi)關(guān)與抗干擾措施412 7.8.1 CD4051412 7.8.2 AD7501413 7.8.3 多路開(kāi)關(guān)配置與抗干擾技術(shù)413 7.9 D/A、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的電源、接地與布線416 7.10 精密基準(zhǔn)電壓電路與噪聲抑制416 7.10.1 基準(zhǔn)電壓電路原理417 7.10.2 引腳可編程精密基準(zhǔn)電壓源AD584418 7.10.3 埋入式齊納二極管基準(zhǔn)AD588420 7.10.4 低漂移電壓基準(zhǔn)MAX676/MAX677/MAX678422 7.10.5 低功率低漂移電壓基準(zhǔn)MAX873/MAX875/MAX876424 7.10.6 MC1403/MC1403A、MC1503精密電壓基準(zhǔn)電路430 第8章 功率接口與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 8.1 功率驅(qū)動(dòng)元件432 8.1.1 74系列功率集成電路432 8.1.2 75系列功率集成電路433 8.1.3 MOC系列光耦合過(guò)零觸發(fā)雙向晶閘管驅(qū)動(dòng)器435 8.2 輸出控制功率接口電路438 8.2.1 繼電器輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)接口438 8.2.2 繼電器—接觸器輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電路439 8.2.3 光電耦合器—晶閘管輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電路439 8.2.4 脈沖變壓器—晶閘管輸出電路440 8.2.5 單片機(jī)與大功率單相負(fù)載的接口電路441 8.2.6 單片機(jī)與大功率三相負(fù)載間的接口電路442 8.3 感性負(fù)載電路噪聲的抑制442 8.3.1 交直流感性負(fù)載瞬變?cè)肼暤囊种品椒?42 8.3.2 晶閘管過(guò)零觸發(fā)的幾種形式445 8.3.3 利用晶閘管抑制感性負(fù)載的瞬變?cè)肼?47 8.4 晶閘管變流裝置的干擾和抑制措施448 8.4.1 晶閘管變流裝置電氣干擾分析448 8.4.2 晶閘管變流裝置的抗干擾措施449 8.5 固態(tài)繼電器451 8.5.1 固態(tài)繼電器的原理和結(jié)構(gòu)451 8.5.2 主要參數(shù)與選用452 8.5.3 交流固態(tài)繼電器的使用454 第9章 人機(jī)對(duì)話單元配置與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 9.1 鍵盤(pán)接口抗干擾問(wèn)題456 9.2 LED顯示器的構(gòu)造與特點(diǎn)458 9.3 LED的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式459 9.3.1 采用限流電阻的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式459 9.3.2 采用LM317的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式460 9.3.3 串聯(lián)二極管壓降驅(qū)動(dòng)方式462 9.4 典型鍵盤(pán)/顯示器接口芯片與單片機(jī)接口463 9.4.1 8位LED驅(qū)動(dòng)器ICM 7218B463 9.4.2 串行LED顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)器MAX 7219468 9.4.3 并行鍵盤(pán)/顯示器專(zhuān)用芯片8279482 9.4.4 串行鍵盤(pán)/顯示器專(zhuān)用芯片HD 7279A492 9.5 LED顯示接口的抗干擾措施502 9.5.1 LED靜態(tài)顯示接口的抗干擾502 9.5.2 LED動(dòng)態(tài)顯示接口的抗干擾506 9.6 打印機(jī)接口與抗干擾技術(shù)508 9.6.1 并行打印機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口信號(hào)508 9.6.2 打印機(jī)與單片機(jī)接口電路509 9.6.3 打印機(jī)電磁干擾的防護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)510 9.6.4 提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸可靠性的措施512 第10章 供電電源的配置與抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 10.1 電源干擾問(wèn)題概述513 10.1.1 電源干擾的類(lèi)型513 10.1.2 電源干擾的耦合途徑514 10.1.3 電源的共模和差模干擾515 10.1.4 電源抗干擾的基本方法516 10.2 EMI電源濾波器517 10.2.1 實(shí)用低通電容濾波器518 10.2.2 雙繞組扼流圈的應(yīng)用518 10.3 EMI濾波器模塊519 10.3.1 濾波器模塊基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)519 10.3.2 電源濾波器模塊521 10.3.3 防雷濾波器模塊531 10.3.4 脈沖群抑制模塊532 10.4 瞬變干擾吸收器件532 10.4.1 金屬氧化物壓敏電阻（MOV）533 10.4.2 瞬變電壓抑制器（TVS）537 10.5 電源變壓器的屏蔽與隔離552 10.6 交流電源的供電抗干擾方案553 10.6.1 交流電源配電方式553 10.6.2 交流電源抗干擾綜合方案555 10.7 供電直流側(cè)抑制干擾措施555 10.7.1 整流電路的高頻濾波555 10.7.2 串聯(lián)型直流穩(wěn)壓電源配置與抗干擾556 10.7.3 集成穩(wěn)壓器使用中的保護(hù)557 10.8 開(kāi)關(guān)電源干擾的抑制措施559 10.8.1 開(kāi)關(guān)噪聲的分類(lèi)559 10.8.2 開(kāi)關(guān)電源噪聲的抑制措施560 10.9 微機(jī)用不間斷電源UPS561 10.10 采用晶閘管無(wú)觸點(diǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)消除瞬態(tài)干擾設(shè)計(jì)方案564 第11章 印制電路板的抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 11.1 印制電路板用覆銅板566 11.1.1 覆銅板材料566 11.1.2 覆銅板分類(lèi)568 11.1.3 覆銅板的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與電性能571 11.1.4 覆銅板的主要特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用583 11.2 印制板布線設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)585 11.2.1 印制板導(dǎo)線的阻抗計(jì)算585 11.2.2 PCB布線結(jié)構(gòu)和特性阻抗計(jì)算587 11.2.3 信號(hào)在印制板上的傳播速度589 11.3 地線和電源線的布線設(shè)計(jì)590 11.3.1 降低接地阻抗的設(shè)計(jì)590 11.3.2 減小電源線阻抗的方法591 11.4 信號(hào)線的布線原則592 11.4.1 信號(hào)傳輸線的尺寸控制592 11.4.2 線間串?dāng)_控制592 11.4.3 輻射干擾的抑制593 11.4.4 反射干擾的抑制594 11.4.5 微機(jī)自動(dòng)布線注意問(wèn)題594 11.5 配置去耦電容的方法594 11.5.1 電源去耦595 11.5.2 集成芯片去耦595 11.6 芯片的選用與器件布局596 11.6.1 芯片選用指南596 11.6.2 器件的布局597 11.6.3 時(shí)鐘電路的布置598 11.7 多層印制電路板599 11.7.1 多層印制板的結(jié)構(gòu)與特點(diǎn)599 11.7.2 多層印制板的布局方案600 11.7.3 20H原則605 11.8 印制電路板的安裝和板間配線606 第12章 軟件抗干擾原理與方法 12.1 概述607 12.1.1 測(cè)控系統(tǒng)軟件的基本要求607 12.1.2 軟件抗干擾一般方法607 12.2 指令冗余技術(shù)608 12.2.1 NOP的使用609 12.2.2 重要指令冗余609 12.3 軟件陷阱技術(shù)609 12.3.1 軟件陷阱609 12.3.2 軟件陷阱的安排610 12.4 故障自動(dòng)恢復(fù)處理程序613 12.4.1 上電標(biāo)志設(shè)定614 12.4.2 RAM中數(shù)據(jù)冗余保護(hù)與糾錯(cuò)616 12.4.3 軟件復(fù)位與中斷激活標(biāo)志617 12.4.4 程序失控后恢復(fù)運(yùn)行的方法618 12.5 數(shù)字濾波619 12.5.1 程序判斷濾波法620 12.5.2 中位值濾波法620 12.5.3 算術(shù)平均濾波法621 12.5.4 遞推平均濾波法623 12.5.5 防脈沖干擾平均值濾波法624 12.5.6 一階滯后濾波法626 12.6 干擾避開(kāi)法627 12.7 開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入/輸出軟件抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)629 12.7.1 開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入軟件抗干擾措施629 12.7.2 開(kāi)關(guān)量輸出軟件抗干擾措施629 12.8 編寫(xiě)軟件的其他注意事項(xiàng)630 附錄 電磁兼容器件選購(gòu)信息632
標(biāo)簽： 單片機(jī) 應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) 抗干擾技術(shù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-20
上傳用戶：xdqm
第1章 微帶扇形偏置電路基本理論之一 1 第2章 扇形微帶偏置理論之二 4 第3章 利用ADS仿真設(shè)計(jì)扇形微帶偏置的整個(gè)過(guò)程 6 3.1 計(jì)算10GHz時(shí)四分之一波長(zhǎng)高阻線（假設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)阻抗為100歐）的長(zhǎng)度和寬度。 7 3.2 將高阻線和扇形微帶放入電路中，并仿真和優(yōu)化（注意優(yōu)化的變量都有哪些） 7 3.3 仿真結(jié)果分析（關(guān)鍵） 9 3.4 生成版圖 10 3.5 導(dǎo)出到autoCAD中并填充 11 第4章 有助于加深理解扇形微帶偏置原理的ADS仿真分析 11 4.1 單根四分之一波長(zhǎng)微帶線的仿真 11 4.2 四分之一波長(zhǎng)微帶線+扇形微帶線的仿真 12 4.3 我的理解 12
標(biāo)簽： ADS 詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì) 過(guò)程
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：lanhuaying
目錄執(zhí)行摘要 01并購(gòu)：中國(guó)下一個(gè)階段發(fā)展的主要增長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略 03通過(guò)培養(yǎng)技能和積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)克服困難 05在并購(gòu)全程的三個(gè)階段實(shí)現(xiàn)最大價(jià)值 061. 制定成功的并購(gòu)戰(zhàn)略：我們是在開(kāi)展適當(dāng)?shù)慕灰讍?062. 評(píng)估收購(gòu)目標(biāo)：不僅考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，而且還重點(diǎn)考慮業(yè)務(wù)模式與運(yùn)行 093. 管理并監(jiān)控整合工作：合并后的整合工作不到位常導(dǎo)致喪失大多數(shù)收益 11實(shí)現(xiàn)成功的并購(gòu)：歸根結(jié)底依賴于適當(dāng)?shù)哪芰Α⑷瞬藕头椒?15結(jié)語(yǔ) 16 并購(gòu)：中國(guó)下一個(gè)階段發(fā)展的主要增長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略參與并購(gòu)活動(dòng)的中國(guó)公司越來(lái)越多。2007年前11個(gè)月的交易量比2006年全年增長(zhǎng)了18%，交易額增加了25%1。近期開(kāi)展的調(diào)查顯示，每10家中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)中就有9家稱(chēng)他們參加過(guò)或者打算進(jìn)行并購(gòu)活動(dòng)。2 然而，最顯著的趨勢(shì)是中國(guó)公司在最近的并購(gòu)交易中更多是買(mǎi)家身份，無(wú)論是國(guó)內(nèi)收購(gòu)還是跨越國(guó)界的收購(gòu)。相比之下，國(guó)外企業(yè)收購(gòu)中國(guó)公司呈現(xiàn)下滑趨勢(shì)。多項(xiàng)國(guó)際調(diào)查顯示，許多并購(gòu)都無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期成效。然而也有證據(jù)表明頻繁參與并購(gòu)的公司通過(guò)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)而提高了成功率。本文涵蓋了IBM自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)－如何使用和管理并購(gòu)以便實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，以及怎樣通過(guò)與領(lǐng)先公司合作來(lái)組織和管理并購(gòu)。中國(guó)公司如能借鑒實(shí)用的洞察力和最佳業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)踐來(lái)克服挑戰(zhàn)，將會(huì)最大限度地提高并購(gòu)全部三個(gè)階段的價(jià)值，最終受益匪淺。在并購(gòu)活動(dòng)中，中國(guó)公司日益成為收購(gòu)方，而不是被收購(gòu)方2006年，國(guó)內(nèi)的并購(gòu)占到中國(guó)總交易量的60%以上3（見(jiàn)圖1），主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力來(lái)自政府或市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的行業(yè)合并。中國(guó)政府一直都在穩(wěn)定地合并大量國(guó)有企業(yè)以便打造更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的公司，特別是在電信、能源和交通運(yùn)輸及資源等“戰(zhàn)略性”行業(yè)。這個(gè)趨勢(shì)在今后幾年中還將繼續(xù)發(fā)展，國(guó)務(wù)院國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)（SASAC）計(jì)劃到2008年底將國(guó)有企業(yè)的數(shù)量從2007年的155家減少至80-100家。4 在解除管制的行業(yè)，如零售、高科技和制造業(yè)，國(guó)內(nèi)公司也掀起了一個(gè)合并浪潮，其目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)并提高效率，從而在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的市場(chǎng)中立于不敗之地。在中國(guó)發(fā)揮并購(gòu)效力的法則謀事在人，成事在天？1H 2006 1H2007按類(lèi)型對(duì)并購(gòu)進(jìn)行細(xì)分交易數(shù)量國(guó)內(nèi)并購(gòu)對(duì)內(nèi)并購(gòu)對(duì)外并購(gòu)5 10 15 2016.3012.111.37.32.46.7600 400 200 05122582963161218交易額（單位：十億美元）圖1 按類(lèi)型對(duì)并購(gòu)進(jìn)行細(xì)分資料來(lái)源：亞太區(qū)并購(gòu)公告，2007，普華永道
標(biāo)簽： IBM 并購(gòu) 白皮書(shū)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：pol123
教學(xué)提示： PLC的控制系統(tǒng)是由PLC作為控制器來(lái)構(gòu)成的電氣控制系統(tǒng)。PLC的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)就是設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)控制對(duì)象的控制要求制定電控方案，選擇 PLC機(jī)型，進(jìn)行PLC的外圍電氣電路設(shè)計(jì)以及PLC程序的設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)試。要完成好PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，除掌握必要的電氣設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外，還必須經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)實(shí)踐，深入生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，將不斷積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到設(shè)計(jì)中來(lái) 教學(xué)要求：通過(guò)本章教學(xué)使學(xué)生初步掌握PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的幾種常用方法和步驟，能夠根據(jù)控制對(duì)象的控制要求制定合理的控制方案，確定經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的PLC機(jī)型，進(jìn)行PLC的外圍電路和程序的設(shè)計(jì) 7.1 PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原則和步驟7.1.1 PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一般原則7.1.2 PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)步驟7.2 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)7.2.1 I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)化與擴(kuò)展7.2.2 PLC的選型及模塊選型7.2.3 PLC的外圍電路設(shè)計(jì)7.3 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)7.3.2 繼電器接觸器控制線路轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)計(jì)法7.3.3 邏輯設(shè)計(jì)方法7.4 PLC的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例
標(biāo)簽： PLC 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-08
上傳用戶：旗魚(yú)旗魚(yú)
電路板布局………………………………………42.1 電源和地…………………………………………………………………….42.1.1 感抗……………………………………………………………………42.1.2 兩層板和四層板………………………………………………………42.1.3 單層板和二層板設(shè)計(jì)中的微處理器地……………………………….42.1.4 信號(hào)返回地……………………………………………………………52.1.5 模擬數(shù)字和高壓…………………………………………………….52.1.6 模擬電源引腳和模擬參考電壓……………………………………….52.1.7 四層板中電源平面因該怎么做和不應(yīng)該怎么做…………………….52.2 兩層板中的電源分配……………………………………………………….62.2.1 單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)分配……………………………………………………….62.2.2 星型分配………………………………………………………………62.2.3 格柵化地……………………………………………………………….72.2.4 旁路和鐵氧體磁珠……………………………………………………92.2.5 使噪聲靠近磁珠……………………………………………………..102.3 電路板分區(qū)………………………………112.4 信號(hào)線……………………………………………………………………...122.4.1 容性和感性串?dāng)_……………………………………………………...122.4.2 天線因素和長(zhǎng)度規(guī)則………………………………………………...122.4.3 串聯(lián)終端傳輸線…………………………………………………..132.4.4 輸入阻抗匹配………………………………………………………...132.5 電纜和接插件……………………………………………………………...132.5.1 差模和共模噪聲……………………………………………………...142.5.2 串?dāng)_模型……………………………………………………………..142.5.3 返回線路數(shù)目……………………………………..142.5.4 對(duì)板外信號(hào)I/O的建議………………………………………………142.5.5 隔離噪聲和靜電放電ESD ……………………………………….142.6 其他布局問(wèn)題……………………………………………………………...142.6.1 汽車(chē)和用戶應(yīng)用帶鍵盤(pán)和顯示器的前端面板印刷電路板………...152.6.2 易感性布局…………………………………………………………...15
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-19
上傳用戶：HGH77P99
減小電磁干擾的印刷電路板設(shè)計(jì)原則 內(nèi) 容 摘要……1 1 背景…1 1.1 射頻源.1 1.2 表面貼裝芯片和通孔元器件.1 1.3 靜態(tài)引腳活動(dòng)引腳和輸入.1 1.4 基本回路……..2 1.4.1 回路和偶極子的對(duì)稱(chēng)性3 1.5 差模和共模…..3 2 電路板布局…4 2.1 電源和地…….4 2.1.1 感抗……4 2.1.2 兩層板和四層板4 2.1.3 單層板和二層板設(shè)計(jì)中的微處理器地.4 2.1.4 信號(hào)返回地……5 2.1.5 模擬數(shù)字和高壓…….5 2.1.6 模擬電源引腳和模擬參考電壓.5 2.1.7 四層板中電源平面因該怎么做和不應(yīng)該怎么做…….5 2.2 兩層板中的電源分配.6 2.2.1 單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)分配.6 2.2.2 星型分配6 2.2.3 格柵化地.7 2.2.4 旁路和鐵氧體磁珠……9 2.2.5 使噪聲靠近磁珠……..10 2.3 電路板分區(qū)…11 2.4 信號(hào)線……...12 2.4.1 容性和感性串?dāng)_……...12 2.4.2 天線因素和長(zhǎng)度規(guī)則...12 2.4.3 串聯(lián)終端傳輸線…..13 2.4.4 輸入阻抗匹配...13 2.5 電纜和接插件……...13 2.5.1 差模和共模噪聲……...14 2.5.2 串?dāng)_模型……..14 2.5.3 返回線路數(shù)目..14 2.5.4 對(duì)板外信號(hào)I/O的建議14 2.5.5 隔離噪聲和靜電放電ESD .14 2.6 其他布局問(wèn)題……...14 2.6.1 汽車(chē)和用戶應(yīng)用帶鍵盤(pán)和顯示器的前端面板印刷電路板...15 2.6.2 易感性布局…...15 3 屏蔽..16 3.1 工作原理…...16 3.2 屏蔽接地…...16 3.3 電纜和屏蔽旁路………………..16 4 總結(jié)…………………………………………17 5 參考文獻(xiàn)………………………17
標(biāo)簽： 印刷電路板 設(shè)計(jì)原則
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：a6697238
1.將P1.0～P1.3接開(kāi)關(guān)，將P1.4～P1.7接發(fā)光二極管。依據(jù)P1.0～P1.3開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)控制P1.4~P1.7發(fā)光二極管點(diǎn)亮。 2.將P1.0～P1.7全部接發(fā)光二極管，開(kāi)始P1.0、P1.5點(diǎn)亮，左循環(huán)50次后P1.1、P1.4點(diǎn)亮；右循環(huán)30次，循環(huán)往復(fù)。
標(biāo)簽： 1.0 1.3 開(kāi)關(guān)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-18
上傳用戶：維子哥哥
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