The last decade proved to be hugely successful for the mobile communications industry,
characterised by continued and rapid growth in demand, spurred on by new technological
Advances and innovative marketing techniques. Of course, when we refer to mobile commu-
nications, we tend to implicitly refer to cellular systems, such as GSM. The plight of the
mobile-satellite industry over the last decade, although eventful, has, at times, been more akin
to an out of control roller coaster ride.
The insinuation of telecommunications into the daily fabric of our lives has been
arguably the most important and surprising development of the last 25 years. Before
this revolution, telephone service and its place in our lives had been largely stable
for more than a generation. The growth was, so to speak, lateral, as the global reach
of telecommunications extended and more people got telephone service. The
distinction between oversea and domestic calls blurred with the Advances in
switching and transmission, undersea cable, and communication satellites. Traffic
on the network remained overwhelmingly voice, largely in analog format with
facsimile (Fax) beginning to make inroads.
There have been many Advances in communication circuits since the publication of the first edition of this book.Yet most of communication circuit fundamentals remain intact.Amplifier,oscillator , tuned circuits,transformers,mixers and power amplifiers still among fundamental building blocks of communication circuits.
Advances in communication and networking technologies are rapidly making ubiq-
uitous network connectivity a reality. Wireless networks are indispensable for
supporting such access anywhere and at any time. Among various types of wire-
less networks, multihop wireless networks (MWNs) have been attracting increasing
attention for decades due to its broad civilian and military applications. Basically,
a MWN is a network of nodes connected by wireless communication links. Due
to the limited transmission range of the radio, many pairs of nodes in MWNs may
not be able to communicate directly, hence they need other intermediate nodes to
forward packets for them. Routing in such networks is an important issue and it
poses great challenges.
This book is a result of the recent rapid Advances in two related technologies: com-
munications and computers. Over the past few decades, communication systems
have increased in complexity to the point where system design and performance
analysis can no longer be conducted without a significant level of computer sup-
port. Many of the communication systems of fifty years ago were either power or
noise limited. A significant degrading effect in many of these systems was thermal
noise, which was modeled using the additive Gaussian noise channel.
We are currently witnessing an increase in telecommunications norms and
standards given the recent Advances in this domain. The increasing number of
normalized standards paves the way for an increase in the range of offers and
services available for each consumer. Moreover, the majority of available radio
frequencies have already been allocated.
Driven by the desire to boost the quality of service of wireless systems closer to that afforded
by wireline systems, space-time processing for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
wireless communications research has drawn remarkable interest in recent years. Excit-
ing theoretical Advances, complemented by rapid transition of research results to industry
products and services, have created a vibrant and growing area that is already established
by all counts. This offers a good opportunity to reflect on key developments in the area
during the past decade and also outline emerging trends.
Recent Advances in wireless communication technologies have had a transforma-
tive impact on society and have directly contributed to several economic and social
aspects of daily life. Increasingly, the untethered exchange of information between
devices is becoming a prime requirement for further progress, which is placing an
ever greater demand on wireless bandwidth. The ultra wideband (UWB) system
marks a major milestone in this progress. Since 2002, when the FCC allowed the
unlicensed use of low-power, UWB radio signals in the 3.1–10.6GHz frequency
band, there has been significant synergistic advance in this technology at the cir-
cuits, architectural and communication systems levels. This technology allows for
devices to communicate wirelessly, while coexisting with other users by ensuring
that its power density is sufficiently low so that it is perceived as noise to other
users.
This book is concerned with integrated circuits and systems for wireless and
mobile communications. Circuit techniques and implementation of reconfigurable
low-voltage and low-power single-chip CMOS transceivers for multiband and multi-
mode universal wireless communications are the focus of the book. Applications
encompass both long-range mobile cellular communications (GSM and UMTS)
and short-range wireless LANs (IEEE802.11 and Bluetooth). Recent Advances in
research into transceiver architecture, RF frontend, analogue baseband, RF CAD
and automatic testing are reported.
Digital radios have undergone an astonishing evolution in the last century. Born as a set of simple and
power-hungry electrical and electromechanical devices for low data rate transmission of telegraph data
in the Marconi age, they have transformed, thanks to substantial Advances in electronic technology,
into a set of small, reliable and sophisticated integrated devices supporting broadband multimedia
communications. This, however, would not have been possible unless significant progress had been
made in recent decades in the field of signal processing algorithms for baseband and passband signals.
In fact, the core of any modern digital radio consists of a set of algorithms running over programmable
electronic hardware. This book stems from the research and teaching activities of its co-authors in
the field of algorithmic techniques for wireless communications. A huge body of technical literature
has accumulated in the last four decades in this area, and an extensive coverage of all its important
aspects in a single textbook is impossible. For this reason, we have selected a few important topics
and, for ease of reading, organized them into two parts.
