The Java Language Specification is the definitive technical reference for the Java programming language. It provides complete, accurate, and detailed coverage of the entire language and its syntax. If you want to know the precise meaning of Java s constructs, this is the source for you.
For a programming language, Fortran has been around a long time. It was one
of the first widely used 鈥渉igh-level鈥?languages, as well as the first
programming language to be standardized. It is still the premier language for
scientific and engineering computing applications.
The purpose of this handbook is to describe the latest version of this language,
Fortran 90. This chapter gives some history of the development and
standardization of Fortran and describes the notation used to specify the
syntax of Fortran 90.
Fortran has always been the principal language used in the fields of scientific,
numerical, and engineering programming, and a series of revisions to the standard
defining successive versions of the language has progressively enhanced its power
and kept it competitive with several generations of rivals.
Beginning in 1978, the technical committee responsible for the development
of Fortran standards, X3J3 (now called J3), laboured to produce a new, much-
needed modern version of the language, Fortran 90. Its purpose is to "promote
portability, reliability, maintainability, and efficient execution... on a variety of
computing systems". The standard was published in 1991, and work began in
1993 on a minor revision, known informally as Fortran 95. Now this revised
I2C core code in Hardware descrption language so as enable a cpld/fpga to be programmed for specific customized applications of our requirment & make the pcb work to meet the application requirements.
