The goal of this exercise is to understand the concept of Carrier-Sensing in IEEE 802.11 standard and compare Physical Carrier Sense and Virtual Carrier Sense mechanisms.
This article describes Atmel’s FingerChip technology for electronic fingerprint sensing that
combines the advantages of small size, low cost, high accuracy, zero maintenance, low energy
consumption and portability. This technology has applications in a wide range of fixed and
portable secured devices including access control systems, cash terminals, public transport, PCs,
PDAs, Smart Card readers and motor vehicles. It can be used in almost any situation where
rapid, reliable and accurate identification or authentication of an individual is required.
We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation,
phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation
communications systems.We study the performance of a standard
CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to
the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and
size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear
least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise
ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO
estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive
an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability.
This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO
estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results
also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in
the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE
on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
Carrier-phase synchronization can be approached in a
general manner by estimating the multiplicative distortion (MD) to which
a baseband received signal in an RF or coherent optical transmission
system is subjected. This paper presents a unified modeling and
estimation of the MD in finite-alphabet digital communication systems. A
simple form of MD is the camer phase exp GO) which has to be estimated
and compensated for in a coherent receiver. A more general case with
fading must, however, allow for amplitude as well as phase variations of
the MD.
We assume a state-variable model for the MD and generally obtain a
nonlinear estimation problem with additional randomly-varying system
parameters such as received signal power, frequency offset, and Doppler
spread. An extended Kalman filter is then applied as a near-optimal
solution to the adaptive MD and channel parameter estimation problem.
Examples are given to show the use and some advantages of this scheme.
This paper investigates the design of joint frequency
offset and carrier phase estimation of a multi-frequency time division
multiple access (MF-TDMA) demodulator that is applied to
a digital video broadcasting—return channel system via satellite
(DVB-RCS). The proposed joint estimation algorithm is based on
the interpolation technique for two correlation values in the frequency
and phase domains. This simple interpolation technique
can significantly improve frequency and phase resolution capabilities
of the proposed technique without increasing the number of
the correlation values. In addition, the overall block diagram of a
digital communications receiver for DVB-RCS is presented, which
was designed using the proposed estimation algorithms.
Index Terms—Carrier phase estimation, DVB-RCS, frequency
offset estimation, interpolation, joint estimation, MF-TDMA.
demodulates the FM modulated signal Y at the carrier frequency Fc (Hz). Y and Fc have sample frequency Fs (Hz).
FREQDEV is the frequency deviation (Hz) of the modulated signal.
