The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a
Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which
belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI)
coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice
activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The
input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction
residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and
a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW
magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical
predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is
quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and
REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model,
based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral
(LSP) parameters are quantized using a combination of scalar
and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic
delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of
21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated
using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as
background noise. channel errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode
of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to
ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
With more than two billion terminals in commercial operation world-wide, wire-
less and mobile technologies have enabled a first wave of pervasive communication
systems and applications. Still, this is only the beginning as wireless technologies
such as RFID are currently contemplated with a deployment potential of tens of
billions of tags and a virtually unlimited application potential. A recent ITU report
depicts a scenario of “Internet of things” — a world in which billions of objects will
report their location, identity, and history over wireless connections.
HUAWEI MH5000-31 5G模塊AT命令手冊，用于開發華為MH5000-31模塊使用。本文根據終端設備的需求，實現了國際標準（如 3GPP 和 ITU-T）中的部分 AT 命
令。本文還描述了終端設備實現的私有 AT 命令接口，私有 AT 命令接口是為了更好
或更方便地實現某種功能。
本文不描述標準已經定義或 MT 已實現，但華為終端產品需求涉及不到的接口。對于
AT 命令接口的描述，僅限于接口數據包本身，以及 TE 和 MT 對接口的使用方法和
使用流程，不包括與接口不直接相關的內容。本文也僅限于描述 TE 和 MT 之間 Rm
接口范圍內的 AT 命令接口，而不描述 MT 與 IWF 之間 Um 接口范圍內的 AT 命
令接口。
AT 命令是 TE 和 MT 之間的通信命令協議。如果有新款 MT 產品需要和現有 TE
對接，而現有 TE 是按照本 AT 規范實現的，則新款 MT 必須遵守此規范才能保證
兩者成功對接。比如新款模塊和現有 PC 統一后臺對接，那么新款模塊必須遵守此規
范；反之亦然，比如新開發某 PC 后臺或 PC 工具，也要遵守此規范，才能和現有的
終端產品對接。若 TE 和 MT 不用 AT 命令通信，則不受本規范限制。
主要內容一、物聯網概念的提出與演進二、世界主要國家/地區物聯網發展概況三、物聯網中的關鍵問題與典型案例四、物聯網相關標準發展概況五、RFID與嵌入式系統物聯網概念的提出與演進1999年，EPC global前身麻省理工Auto-ID中心提出"Internet of Things"的構想：物品上裝置的電子標簽存儲唯一的EPC碼，利用RFID技術完成標簽數據的自動采集，通過與互聯網相連的EPC IS服務器提供對應該EPC的物品信息-物品信息互聯網絡2005年，國際電信聯盟（ITU）發布名為《Internet of Things》的技術報告：“物聯網”是信息和通信技術（ICTs）中的新維度from anytime，any place connectivity for anyone，we will now have connectivity for anything RFID技術、傳感器技術和嵌入式智能技術是物聯網的基礎使能性技術2008年，IBM提出“智慧的地球：Smart Planet"首先，各種創新的感應科技被嵌入各種物體和設施中，令物質世界被極大程度的數據化第二，隨著網絡的高度發達，人、數據和各種事物都將以不同方式聯入網絡第三，先進的技術和超級計算機則可以對這些堆積如山的數據進行整理、加工和分析，將生硬的數據轉化成實實在在的洞察，并幫助人們做出正確的行動決策
