■ High Performance, Low Power AVR? 8-Bit Microcontroller ■ Advanced RISC Architecture –120 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution –32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers –Fully Static Operation
標簽: Atmel
上傳時間: 2013-06-01
上傳用戶:tccc
stm8 spi使用說明,講述stm8系列單片機的SPI通信配置及操作流程-stm8 spi Instructions for use, about stm8 MCU SPI communication configuration and operational procedures
上傳時間: 2013-07-16
上傳用戶:面具愛人丿
The P89LPC912/913/914 are single-chip microcontrollers in low-cost 14-pin packages, based on a high performance processor architecture that executes Instructions in two to four clocks, six times the rate of standard 80C51 devices. Many system level functions have been incorporated into the P89LPC912/913/914 in order to reduce component count, board space, and system cost.
上傳時間: 2013-10-12
上傳用戶:司令部正軍級
HIGH SPEED 8051 μC CORE - Pipe-lined Instruction Architecture; Executes 70% of Instructions in 1 or 2 System Clocks - Up to 25MIPS Throughput with 25MHz System Clock - 22 Vectored Interrupt Sources MEMORY - 4352 Bytes Internal Data RAM (256 + 4k) - 64k Bytes In-System Programmable FLASH Program Memory - External Parallel Data Memory Interface – up to 5Mbytes/sec DIGITAL PERIPHERALS - 64 Port I/O; All are 5V tolerant - Hardware SMBusTM (I2CTM Compatible), SPITM, and Two UART Serial Ports Available Concurrently - Programmable 16-bit Counter/Timer Array with 5 Capture/Compare Modules - 5 General Purpose 16-bit Counter/Timers - Dedicated Watch-Dog Timer; Bi-directional Reset CLOCK SOURCES - Internal Programmable Oscillator: 2-to-16MHz - External Oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or Clock - Real-Time Clock Mode using Timer 3 or PCA SUPPLY VOLTAGE ........................ 2.7V to 3.6V - Typical Operating Current: 10mA @ 25MHz - Multiple Power Saving Sleep and Shutdown Modes 100-Pin TQFP (64-Pin Version Available) Temperature Range: –40°C to +85°C
標簽: C8051F020
上傳時間: 2013-10-12
上傳用戶:lalalal
Mega16是一款采用先進RISC精簡指令,內(nèi)置A/D的8位單片機,可支持低電壓聯(lián)機 Flash和EEPROM 寫入功能;同時還支持 Basic和C 等高級語言編程。用它設(shè)計電子時鐘不僅成本低,硬件簡單,而且很容易實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)移植。介紹了如何利用AVR系列單片機Mega16及1602字符液晶來設(shè)計電子時鐘的方法,同時給出了相應(yīng)的電路原理及部分語言程序。 Abstract: ?Mega16 is a high-performance, low power consumption, the use of advanced RISC concise Instructions, built-in A/D 8-bit microcontrollers, the on-line support for low-voltage Flash, EEPROM write function. Except Mega16 also support the Basic, C, and other high-level language programming.The electronic clock which is deisgned by Mega16 is not only low-cost, simple hardware, but easy to achieve system migration.The design method of electrioic clock based on the AVR Mega16 and character LCD1602 is introduced in this paper,and the corresponding circuit electrionic and some language program are given.
上傳時間: 2014-12-27
上傳用戶:zl5712176
介紹一種以MSP430單片機為基礎(chǔ)的智能頻率測量系統(tǒng),采用硬件邏輯與軟件指令相結(jié)合的方式控制閘門,實現(xiàn)0 MHz~10 MHz范圍內(nèi)無檔切換的等精度測量。 Abstract: An intelligent frequency measurement system based on MSP430 singlechip is introduced. The system uses a way that can combine hardware logic and software Instructions to contronl the strobe ,and completes the functions of equal precision in the range of 0MHz~10MHz without shifting
上傳時間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:dbs012280
NXP Semiconductor designed the LPC2400 microcontrollers around a 16-bit/32-bitARM7TDMI-S CPU core with real-time debug interfaces that include both JTAG andembedded Trace. The LPC2400 microcontrollers have 512 kB of on-chip high-speedFlash memory. This Flash memory includes a special 128-bit wide memory interface andaccelerator architecture that enables the CPU to execute sequential Instructions fromFlash memory at the maximum 72 MHz system clock rate. This feature is available onlyon the LPC2000 ARM Microcontroller family of products. The LPC2400 can execute both32-bit ARM and 16-bit Thumb Instructions. Support for the two Instruction Sets meansEngineers can choose to optimize their application for either performance or code size atthe sub-routine level. When the core executes Instructions in Thumb state it can reducecode size by more than 30 % with only a small loss in performance while executingInstructions in ARM state maximizes core performance.
上傳時間: 2013-11-15
上傳用戶:zouxinwang
The Infineon TriCore provides an Interrupt System with a high safety standard. Thisdocument contains some Instructions on how to initiate an Interrupt from an externaldevice. First it will show you how to trigger an Interrupt Service Request by an impulseon Port 0 or Port 1. Then in the second part of the document you can find hints how todebounce impulses to enable the use of a simple switch as input device.Authors: Thomas Bliem, CQ Nguyen / Infineon SMI MD Apps
上傳時間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶:uuuuuuu
The MC68HC05K0 is a low cost, low pin countsingle chip microcomputer with 504 bytes of userROM and 32 bytes of RAM. The MC68HC05K0 isa member of the 68HC05K series of devices whichare available in 16-pin DIL or SOIC packages.It uses the same CPU as the other devices in the68HC05 family and has the same Instructions andregisters. Additionally, the device has a 15-stagemulti-function timer and 10 general purposebi-directional I/0 lines. A mask option is availablefor software programmable pull-downs on all ofthe I/O pins and four of the pins are capable ofgenerating interrupts.The device is ideally suited for remote-controlkeyboard applications because the pull-downs andthe interrupt drivers on the port pins allowkeyboards to be built without any externalcomponents except the keys themselves. There isno need for external pull-up or pull-down resistors,or diodes for wired-OR interrupts, as these featuresare already designed into the device.
上傳時間: 2014-01-24
上傳用戶:zl5712176
微處理器及微型計算機的發(fā)展概況 第一代微處理器是以Intel公司1971年推出的4004,4040為代表的四位微處理機。 第二代微處理機(1973年~1977年),典型代表有:Intel 公司的8080、8085;Motorola公司的M6800以及Zlog公司的Z80。 第三代微處理機 第三代微機是以16位機為代表,基本上是在第二代微機的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的。其中Intel公司的8088。8086是在8085的基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來的;M68000是Motorola公司在M6800 的基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來的; 第四代微處理機 以Intel公司1984年10月推出的80386CPU和1989年4月推出的80486CPU為代表, 第五代微處理機的發(fā)展更加迅猛,1993年3月被命名為PENTIUM的微處理機面世,98年P(guān)ENTIUM 2又被推向市場。 INTEL CPU 發(fā)展歷史Intel第一塊CPU 4004,4位主理器,主頻108kHz,運算速度0.06MIPs(Million Instructions Per Second, 每秒百萬條指令),集成晶體管2,300個,10微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存640 bytes,生產(chǎn)曰期1971年11月. 8085,8位主理器,主頻5M,運算速度0.37MIPs,集成晶體管6,500個,3微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存64KB,生產(chǎn)曰期1976年 8086,16位主理器,主頻4.77/8/10MHZ,運算速度0.75MIPs,集成晶體管29,000個,3微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存1MB,生產(chǎn)曰期1978年6月. 80486DX,DX2,DX4,32位主理器,主頻25/33/50/66/75/100MHZ,總線頻率33/50/66MHZ,運算速度20~60MIPs,集成晶體管1.2M個,1微米制造工藝,168針PGA,最大尋址內(nèi)存4GB,緩存8/16/32/64KB,生產(chǎn)曰期1989年4月 Celeron一代, 主頻266/300MHZ(266/300MHz w/o L2 cache, Covington芯心 (Klamath based),300A/333/366/400/433/466/500/533MHz w/128kB L2 cache, Mendocino核心 (Deschutes-based), 總線頻率66MHz,0.25微米制造工藝,生產(chǎn)曰期1998年4月) Pentium 4 (478針),至今分為三種核心:Willamette核心(主頻1.5G起,FSB400MHZ,0.18微米制造工藝),Northwood核心(主頻1.6G~3.0G,FSB533MHZ,0.13微米制造工藝, 二級緩存512K),Prescott核心(主頻2.8G起,FSB800MHZ,0.09微米制造工藝,1M二級緩存,13條全新指令集SSE3),生產(chǎn)曰期2001年7月. 更大的緩存、更高的頻率、 超級流水線、分支預(yù)測、亂序執(zhí)行超線程技術(shù) 微型計算機組成結(jié)構(gòu)單片機簡介單片機即單片機微型計算機,是將計算機主機(CPU、 內(nèi)存和I/O接口)集成在一小塊硅片上的微型機。 三、計算機編程語言的發(fā)展概況 機器語言 機器語言就是0,1碼語言,是計算機唯一能理解并直接執(zhí)行的語言。匯編語言 用一些助記符號代替用0,1碼描述的某種機器的指令系統(tǒng),匯編語言就是在此基礎(chǔ)上完善起來的。高級語言 BASIC,PASCAL,C語言等等。用高級語言編寫的程序稱源程序,它們必須通過編譯或解釋,連接等步驟才能被計算機處理。 面向?qū)ο笳Z言 C++,Java等編程語言是面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z言。 1.3 微型計算機中信息的表示及運算基礎(chǔ)(一) 十進制ND有十個數(shù)碼:0~9,逢十進一。 例 1234.5=1×103 +2×102 +3×101 +4×100 +5×10-1加權(quán)展開式以10稱為基數(shù),各位系數(shù)為0~9,10i為權(quán)。 一般表達式:ND= dn-1×10n-1+dn-2×10n-2 +…+d0×100 +d-1×10-1+… (二) 二進制NB兩個數(shù)碼:0、1, 逢二進一。 例 1101.101=1×23+1×22+0×21+1×20+1×2-1+1×2-3 加權(quán)展開式以2為基數(shù),各位系數(shù)為0、1, 2i為權(quán)。 一般表達式: NB = bn-1×2n-1 + bn-2×2n-2 +…+b0×20 +b-1×2-1+… (三)十六進制NH十六個數(shù)碼0~9、A~F,逢十六進一。 例:DFC.8=13×162 +15×161 +12×160 +8×16-1 展開式以十六為基數(shù),各位系數(shù)為0~9,A~F,16i為權(quán)。 一般表達式: NH= hn-1×16n-1+ hn-2×16n-2+…+ h0×160+ h-1×16-1+… 二、不同進位計數(shù)制之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 (二)二進制與十六進制數(shù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 24=16 ,四位二進制數(shù)對應(yīng)一位十六進制數(shù)。舉例:(三)十進制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成二、十六進制數(shù)整數(shù)、小數(shù)分別轉(zhuǎn)換 1.整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換法“除基取余”:十進制整數(shù)不斷除以轉(zhuǎn)換進制基數(shù),直至商為0。每除一次取一個余數(shù),從低位排向高位。舉例: 2. 小數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換法“乘基取整”:用轉(zhuǎn)換進制的基數(shù)乘以小數(shù)部分,直至小數(shù)為0或達到轉(zhuǎn)換精度要求的位數(shù)。每乘一次取一次整數(shù),從最高位排到最低位。舉例: 三、帶符號數(shù)的表示方法 機器數(shù):機器中數(shù)的表示形式。真值: 機器數(shù)所代表的實際數(shù)值。舉例:一個8位機器數(shù)與它的真值對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下: 真值: X1=+84=+1010100B X2=-84= -1010100B 機器數(shù):[X1]機= 01010100 [X2]機= 11010100(二)原碼、反碼、補碼最高位為符號位,0表示 “+”,1表示“-”。 數(shù)值位與真值數(shù)值位相同。 例 8位原碼機器數(shù): 真值: x1 = +1010100B x2 =- 1010100B 機器數(shù): [x1]原 = 01010100 [x2]原 = 11010100原碼表示簡單直觀,但0的表示不唯一,加減運算復(fù)雜。 正數(shù)的反碼與原碼表示相同。 負數(shù)反碼符號位為 1,數(shù)值位為原碼數(shù)值各位取反。 例 8位反碼機器數(shù): x= +4: [x]原= 00000100 [x]反= 00000100 x= -4: [x]原= 10000100 [x]反= 111110113、補碼(Two’s Complement)正數(shù)的補碼表示與原碼相同。 負數(shù)補碼等于2n-abs(x)8位機器數(shù)表示的真值四、 二進制編碼例:求十進制數(shù)876的BCD碼 876= 1000 0111 0110 BCD 876= 36CH = 1101101100B 2、字符編碼 美國標準信息交換碼ASCII碼,用于計算 機與計算機、計算機與外設(shè)之間傳遞信息。 3、漢字編碼 “國家標準信息交換用漢字編碼”(GB2312-80標準),簡稱國標碼。 用兩個七位二進制數(shù)編碼表示一個漢字 例如“巧”字的代碼是39H、41H漢字內(nèi)碼例如“巧”字的代碼是0B9H、0C1H1·4 運算基礎(chǔ) 一、二進制數(shù)的運算加法規(guī)則:“逢2進1” 減法規(guī)則:“借1當2” 乘法規(guī)則:“逢0出0,全1出1”二、二—十進制數(shù)的加、減運算 BCD數(shù)的運算規(guī)則 循十進制數(shù)的運算規(guī)則“逢10進1”。但計算機在進行這種運算時會出現(xiàn)潛在的錯誤。為了解決BCD數(shù)的運算問題,采取調(diào)整運算結(jié)果的措施:即“加六修正”和“減六修正”例:10001000(BCD)+01101001(BCD) =000101010111(BCD) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 + 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 + 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 ……調(diào)整 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 進位 例: 10001000(BCD)- 01101001(BCD)= 00011001(BCD) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 - 0 1 1 0 ……調(diào)整 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 三、 帶符號二進制數(shù)的運算 1.5 幾個重要的數(shù)字邏輯電路編碼器譯碼器計數(shù)器微機自動工作的條件程序指令順序存放自動跟蹤指令執(zhí)行1.6 微機基本結(jié)構(gòu)微機結(jié)構(gòu)各部分組成連接方式1、以CPU為中心的雙總線結(jié)構(gòu);2、以內(nèi)存為中心的雙總線結(jié)構(gòu);3、單總線結(jié)構(gòu)CPU結(jié)構(gòu)管腳特點 1、多功能;2、分時復(fù)用內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 1、控制; 2、運算; 3、寄存器; 4、地址程序計數(shù)器堆棧定義 1、定義;2、管理;3、堆棧形式
上傳時間: 2013-10-17
上傳用戶:erkuizhang
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