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  • 嵌入式LINUX 電子教程全集

    嵌入式LINUX  電子教程全集 嵌入式系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)于60年代晚期,它最初被用于控制機(jī)電電話交換機(jī),如今已被廣泛的應(yīng)用于工業(yè)制造、過程控制、通訊、儀器、儀表、汽車、船舶、航空、航天、軍事裝備、消費(fèi)類產(chǎn)品等眾多領(lǐng)域。計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)核心CPU,每年在全球范圍內(nèi)的產(chǎn)量大概在二十億顆左右,其中超過80%應(yīng)用于各類專用性很強(qiáng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。一般的說,凡是帶有微處理器的專用軟硬件系統(tǒng)都可以稱為嵌入式系統(tǒng)。   1. 嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)就是利用Linux其自身的許多特點(diǎn),把它應(yīng)用到嵌入式系統(tǒng)里。   Linux做嵌入式的優(yōu)勢,首先,Linux是開放源代碼的,不存在黑箱技術(shù),遍布全球的眾多Linux愛好者又是Linux開發(fā)者的強(qiáng)大技術(shù)支持;其次,Linux的內(nèi)核小、效率高,內(nèi)核的更新速度很快,linux是可以定制的,其系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核最小只有約134KB。第三,Linux是免費(fèi)的OS,在價格上極具競爭力。 Linux還有著嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)所需要的很多特色,突出的就是Linux適應(yīng)于多種CPU和多種硬件平臺,是一個跨平臺的系統(tǒng)。到目前為止,它可以支持二三十種CPU。而且性能穩(wěn)定,裁剪性很好,開發(fā)和使用都很容易。很多CPU包括家電業(yè)芯片,都開始做Linux的平臺移植工作。移植的速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過Java的開發(fā)環(huán)境。也就是說,如果今天用Linux環(huán)境開發(fā)產(chǎn)品,那么將來換CPU就不會遇到困擾。同時,Linux內(nèi)核的結(jié)構(gòu)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面是非常完整的,Linux對網(wǎng)絡(luò)中最常用的TCP/IP協(xié)議有最完備的支持。提供了包括十兆、百兆、千兆的以太網(wǎng)絡(luò),以及無線網(wǎng)絡(luò),Toker ring(令牌環(huán)網(wǎng))、光纖甚至衛(wèi)星的支持。所以Linux很適于做信息家電的開發(fā)。   還有使用Linux為的是來開發(fā)無線連接產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)者越來越多。Linux在快速增長的無線連接應(yīng)用主場中有一個非常重要的優(yōu)勢,就是有足夠快的開發(fā)速度。這是因?yàn)長Inux有很多工具,并且Linux為眾多程序員所熟悉。因此,我們要在嵌入式系統(tǒng)中使用Linux操作系統(tǒng)。   Linux的大小適合嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)——Linux固有的模塊性,適應(yīng)性和可配置性,使得這很容易做到。另外,Linux源碼的實(shí)用性和成千上萬的程序員熱切其望它用于無數(shù)的嵌入式應(yīng)用軟件中,導(dǎo)致很多嵌入式Linux的出現(xiàn),包括:Embedix,ETLinux,LEM,Linux Router Project,LOAF,uCLinux,muLinux,ThinLinux,F(xiàn)irePlug,Linux和PizzaBox Linux   相對,Linux的圖形界面還相對較弱,但近年Linux的圖形界面發(fā)展也很快,這也就不是問題。   2. 什么是嵌入式Linux   嵌入式linux 是將日益流行的Linux操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行裁剪修改,使之能在嵌入式計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行的一種操作系統(tǒng)。嵌入式linux既繼承了Interlnet上無限的開放源代碼資源,又具有嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的特性。嵌入式Linux的特點(diǎn)是版權(quán)費(fèi)免費(fèi);購買費(fèi)用媒介成本技術(shù)支持全世界的自由軟件開發(fā)者提供支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性免費(fèi),而且性能優(yōu)異,軟件移植容易,代碼開放,有許多應(yīng)用軟件支持,應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期短,新產(chǎn)品上市迅速,因?yàn)橛性S多公開的代碼可以參考和移植,實(shí)時性能RT_Linux Hardhat Linux 等嵌入式Linux支持,實(shí)時性能穩(wěn)定性好安全性好。   3. 嵌入式Linux有巨大的市場前景和商業(yè)機(jī)會,出現(xiàn)了大量的專業(yè)公司和產(chǎn)品,如Montavista Lineo Emi等,有行業(yè)協(xié)會如Embedded Linux Consortum等,得到世界著名計算機(jī)公司和OEM板級廠商的支持,例如IBM Motorola Intel等。傳統(tǒng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)廠商也采用了Linux策略,如Lynxworks Windriver QNX等,還有Internet上的大量嵌入式Linux愛好者的支持。嵌入式Linux支持幾乎所有的嵌入式CPU和被移植到幾乎所有的嵌入式OEM板。   4.嵌入式Linux的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域非常廣泛,主要的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域有信息家電、PDA 、機(jī)頂盒、Digital Telephone、Answering Machine、Screen Phone 、數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、Ethernet Switches、Router、Bridge、Hub、Remote access servers、ATM、Frame relay 、遠(yuǎn)程通信、醫(yī)療電子、交通運(yùn)輸計算機(jī)外設(shè)、工業(yè)控制、航空航天領(lǐng)域等。   5.如果分別讓10位工程師給出嵌入式系統(tǒng)的定義,將得到10個不同的答案。一般來說,大部分的嵌入式系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。我們假定最簡單的嵌入式系統(tǒng)包括輸入/輸出功能,以及一些控制邏輯,該系統(tǒng)基于它的配置執(zhí)行某些類型的功能。按照這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以認(rèn)為一個包含實(shí)現(xiàn)控制邏輯74123計數(shù)器以及一個狀態(tài)是一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)。也許可以補(bǔ)充說,該系統(tǒng)必須可通過存儲在固件中的軟件進(jìn)行編程。這個新的嵌入式系統(tǒng)定義包括輸入/輸出(I/O),以及存儲在系統(tǒng)固件中的控制邏輯。一個帶有鼠標(biāo)、鍵盤、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接并運(yùn)行圖形用戶界面(GUI,graphical user interface)多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)的桌面計算機(jī)顯然滿足這些要求,但我們能認(rèn)為它是一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)嗎?   如果桌面計算機(jī)不是一個嵌入式系統(tǒng),那么手持設(shè)備呢?它們有I/O功能,可以運(yùn)行存儲在固件中的控制邏輯。有人說,桌面計算機(jī)和手持設(shè)備都有通用計算機(jī)設(shè)備,可以運(yùn)行軟件來執(zhí)行許多不同的任務(wù),與之不同的是,嵌入式系統(tǒng)(例如,洗碗機(jī)控制器或飛行導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng))主要是為特定任務(wù)而設(shè)計的。這種特定的功能限定使嵌入式設(shè)備有功能上的唯一性。如果是這樣,為什么一些嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計成具有附加的功能,如存儲在非易失性存儲器中的程序,并且具有運(yùn)行可以完成原始設(shè)計范圍之外的任務(wù)的多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)的能力呢?   在過去,區(qū)分嵌入式系統(tǒng)和通用計算機(jī)比現(xiàn)在簡單的多。例如,可以很容易地區(qū)分出一個基于8051的T1分幅卡嵌入式系統(tǒng)和一臺Sun UNIX工作站。而現(xiàn)在,從功能方面很難區(qū)分一臺Sun工作站和一個包含PowerPC以及32MB內(nèi)存和16MB閃存的機(jī)頂盒。這樣的機(jī)頂盒可以運(yùn)行帶GUI的多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng),可現(xiàn)場升級,可以同時運(yùn)行多個程序(如視頻控制器、數(shù)字錄像和Java虛擬機(jī)),還可以進(jìn)行安全的因特網(wǎng)在線交易。很難判斷這種機(jī)頂盒是否是一個嵌入式系統(tǒng)。顯然,硬件性能的提升和價格的下降使通用計算機(jī)和嵌入式系統(tǒng)之間的界限變得很模糊,技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使得我們很難定義什么是嵌入式。

    標(biāo)簽: LINUX 嵌入式 電子教程

    上傳時間: 2014-12-30

    上傳用戶:ljt101007

  • 6小時學(xué)會labview

    6小時學(xué)會labview, labview Six Hour Course – Instructor Notes   This zip file contains material designed to give students a working knowledge of labview in a 6 hour timeframe. The contents are: Instructor Notes.doc – this document. labviewIntroduction-SixHour.ppt – a PowerPoint presentation containing screenshots and notes on the topics covered by the course. Convert C to F (Ex1).vi – Exercise 1 solution VI. Convert C to F (Ex2).vi – Exercise 2 solution subVI. Thermometer-DAQ (Ex2).vi – Exercise 2 solution VI. Temperature Monitor (Ex3).vi – Exercise 3 solution VI. Thermometer (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution subVI. Convert C to F (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution subVI. Temperature Logger (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution VI. Multiplot Graph (Ex5).vi – Exercise 5 solution VI. Square Root (Ex6).vi – Exercise 6 solution VI. State Machine 1 (Ex7).vi – Exercise 7 solution VI.   The slides can be presented in two three hour labs, or six one hour lectures. Depending on the time and resources available in class, you can choose whether to assign the exercises as homework or to be done in class. If you decide to assign the exercises in class, it is best to assign them in order with the presentation. This way the students can create VI’s while the relevant information is still fresh. The notes associated with the exercise slide should be sufficient to guide the students to a solution. The solution files included are one possible solution, but by no means the only solution.

    標(biāo)簽: labview

    上傳時間: 2013-10-13

    上傳用戶:zjwangyichao

  • CF卡技術(shù)資料

    The information in this specification is subject to change without notice.Use of this specification for product design requires an executed license agreement from the CompactFlashAssociation.The CompactFlash Association shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; norfor incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.All parts of the CompactFlash Specification are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. Thisdocumentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to anyelectronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from the CompactFlash Association.The CFA logo is a trademark of the CompactFlash Association.Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registeredtrademarks of their respective companies.© 1998-99, CompactFlash Association. All rights reserved.

    標(biāo)簽: 技術(shù)資料

    上傳時間: 2013-10-08

    上傳用戶:stewart·

  • PCB阻抗匹配計算工具(附教程)

    附件是一款PCB阻抗匹配計算工具,點(diǎn)擊CITS25.exe直接打開使用,無需安裝。附件還帶有PCB連板的一些計算方法,連板的排法和PCB聯(lián)板的設(shè)計驗(yàn)驗(yàn)。 PCB設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗(yàn)建議:       1.一般連板長寬比率為1:1~2.5:1,同時注意For FuJi Machine:a.最大進(jìn)板尺寸為:450*350mm,       2.針對有金手指的部分,板邊處需作掏空處理,建議不作為連板的部位.     3.連板方向以同一方向?yàn)閮?yōu)先,考量對稱防呆,特殊情況另作處理.     4.連板掏空長度超過板長度的1/2時,需加補(bǔ)強(qiáng)邊.       5.陰陽板的設(shè)計需作特殊考量.       6.工藝邊需根據(jù)實(shí)際需要作設(shè)計調(diào)整,軌道邊一般不少於6mm,實(shí)際中需考量板邊零件的排布,軌道設(shè)備正常卡壓距離為不少於3mm,及符合實(shí)際要求下的連板經(jīng)濟(jì)性.       7.FIDUCIAL MARK或稱光學(xué)定位點(diǎn),一般設(shè)計在對角處,為2個或4個,同時MARK點(diǎn)面需平整,無氧化,脫落現(xiàn)象;定位孔設(shè)計在板邊,為對稱設(shè)計,一般為4個,直徑為3mm,公差為±0.01inch.       8.V-cut深度需根據(jù)連板大小及基板板厚考量,角度建議為不少於45°.       9.連板設(shè)計的同時,需基於基板的分板方式考量<人工(治具)還是使用分板設(shè)備>.  10.使用針孔(郵票孔)聯(lián)接:需請考慮斷裂后的毛刺,及是否影響COB工序的Bonding機(jī)上的夾具穩(wěn)定工作,還應(yīng)考慮是否有無影響插件過軌道,及是否影響裝配組裝. 

    標(biāo)簽: PCB 阻抗匹配 計算工具 教程

    上傳時間: 2014-12-31

    上傳用戶:sunshine1402

  • PCB阻抗匹配計算工具(附教程)

    附件是一款PCB阻抗匹配計算工具,點(diǎn)擊CITS25.exe直接打開使用,無需安裝。附件還帶有PCB連板的一些計算方法,連板的排法和PCB聯(lián)板的設(shè)計驗(yàn)驗(yàn)。 PCB設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗(yàn)建議:       1.一般連板長寬比率為1:1~2.5:1,同時注意For FuJi Machine:a.最大進(jìn)板尺寸為:450*350mm,       2.針對有金手指的部分,板邊處需作掏空處理,建議不作為連板的部位.     3.連板方向以同一方向?yàn)閮?yōu)先,考量對稱防呆,特殊情況另作處理.     4.連板掏空長度超過板長度的1/2時,需加補(bǔ)強(qiáng)邊.       5.陰陽板的設(shè)計需作特殊考量.       6.工藝邊需根據(jù)實(shí)際需要作設(shè)計調(diào)整,軌道邊一般不少於6mm,實(shí)際中需考量板邊零件的排布,軌道設(shè)備正常卡壓距離為不少於3mm,及符合實(shí)際要求下的連板經(jīng)濟(jì)性.       7.FIDUCIAL MARK或稱光學(xué)定位點(diǎn),一般設(shè)計在對角處,為2個或4個,同時MARK點(diǎn)面需平整,無氧化,脫落現(xiàn)象;定位孔設(shè)計在板邊,為對稱設(shè)計,一般為4個,直徑為3mm,公差為±0.01inch.       8.V-cut深度需根據(jù)連板大小及基板板厚考量,角度建議為不少於45°.       9.連板設(shè)計的同時,需基於基板的分板方式考量<人工(治具)還是使用分板設(shè)備>.  10.使用針孔(郵票孔)聯(lián)接:需請考慮斷裂后的毛刺,及是否影響COB工序的Bonding機(jī)上的夾具穩(wěn)定工作,還應(yīng)考慮是否有無影響插件過軌道,及是否影響裝配組裝. 

    標(biāo)簽: PCB 阻抗匹配 計算工具 教程

    上傳時間: 2013-10-15

    上傳用戶:3294322651

  • 采用TüV認(rèn)證的FPGA開發(fā)功能安全系統(tǒng)

    This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 圖Figure 1. Local Safety System

    標(biāo)簽: FPGA 安全系統(tǒng)

    上傳時間: 2013-11-14

    上傳用戶:zoudejile

  • 使用Nios II軟件構(gòu)建工具

     使用Nios II軟件構(gòu)建工具 This chapter describes the Nios® II Software Build Tools (SBT), a set of utilities and scripts that creates and builds embedded C/C++ application projects, user library projects, and board support packages (BSPs). The Nios II SBT supports a repeatable, scriptable, and archivable process for creating your software product. You can invoke the Nios II SBT through either of the following user interfaces: ■ The Eclipse™ GUI ■ The Nios II Command Shell The purpose of this chapter is to make you familiar with the internal functionality of the Nios II SBT, independent of the user interface employed.

    標(biāo)簽: Nios 軟件

    上傳時間: 2013-10-12

    上傳用戶:china97wan

  • Creating Safe State Machines(Mentor)

      Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.

    標(biāo)簽: Creating Machines Mentor State

    上傳時間: 2013-11-02

    上傳用戶:xauthu

  • 基于MASON公式的多功能二階通用濾波器設(shè)計

    基于通用集成運(yùn)算放大器,利用MASON公式設(shè)計了一個多功能二階通用濾波器,能同時或分別實(shí)現(xiàn)低通、高通和帶通濾波,也能設(shè)計成一個正交振蕩器。電路的極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)能夠獨(dú)立、精確地調(diào)節(jié)。電路使用4個集成運(yùn)放、2個電容和11個電阻,所有集成運(yùn)放的反相端虛地。利用計算機(jī)仿真電路的通用濾波功能、極點(diǎn)頻率和品質(zhì)因數(shù)的獨(dú)立控制和正交正弦振蕩,從而證明該濾波器正確有效。 Abstract:  A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions, such as high-pass, band-pass, low-pass filtering, can be realized respectively and simultaneously, and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs, two capacitors, and eleven resistances, and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering, the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer, and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.

    標(biāo)簽: MASON 多功能 二階 濾波器設(shè)計

    上傳時間: 2013-10-09

    上傳用戶:13788529953

  • RemoteWAP is a Remote Administration Tool for any Operating System that can support the Java Virtual

    RemoteWAP is a Remote Administration Tool for any Operating System that can support the Java Virtual Machine. It has been designed for anyone who wishes to have complete control of there OS anywhere by using a WAP enabled Mobile Phone. RemoteWAP is developed using Java and WML for the client mobile phone front-end pages. RemoteWAP has a Java Swing-GUI to allow for easy control. Future releases will have a Command Line Interface for quick use

    標(biāo)簽: Administration RemoteWAP Operating Virtual

    上傳時間: 2015-02-01

    上傳用戶:exxxds

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