Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology enables high data-rate short-range communica-
tion, in excess of hundredmegabit-per-secondsand up to multi-gigabit-per-seconds,
over a wide spectrum of frequencies, while keeping power consumption at low lev-
els. This low power operation results in a less-interfering co-existence with other
existed communication technologies (e.g., UNII bands).
In addition to carrying a huge amount of data over a distance of up to 230 feet
at very low power (less than 0.5mW), the UWB signal has the ability to penetrate
through the doors and other obstacles that tend to reflect signals at more limited
bandwidths and higher power densities.
Software Radio (SR) is one of the most important emerging technologies for the
future of wireless communication services. By moving radio functionality into
software, it promises to give flexible radio systems that are multi-service, multi-
standard, multi-band, reconfigurable and reprogrammable by software.
Today’s radios are matched to a particular class of signals that are well defined
bytheircarrierfrequencies,modulationformatsandbandwidths.Aradiotransmitter
today can only up convert signals with well-defined bandwidths over defined center
frequencies, while, on the other side of the communication chain, a radio receiver
can only down convert well-defined signal bandwidths, transmitted over specified
carrier frequencies.
Part I provides a compact survey on classical stochastic geometry models. The basic models defined
in this part will be used and extended throughout the whole monograph, and in particular to SINR based
models. Note however that these classical stochastic models can be used in a variety of contexts which
go far beyond the modeling of wireless networks. Chapter 1 reviews the definition and basic properties of
Poisson point processes in Euclidean space. We review key operations on Poisson point processes (thinning,
superposition, displacement) as well as key formulas like Campbell’s formula. Chapter 2 is focused on
properties of the spatial shot-noise process: its continuity properties, its Laplace transform, its moments
etc. Both additive and max shot-noise processes are studied. Chapter 3 bears on coverage processes,
and in particular on the Boolean model. Its basic coverage characteristics are reviewed. We also give a
brief account of its percolation properties. Chapter 4 studies random tessellations; the main focus is on
Poisson–Voronoi tessellations and cells. We also discuss various random objects associated with bivariate
point processes such as the set of points of the first point process that fall in a Voronoi cell w.r.t. the second
point process.
A wireless communication network can be viewed as a collection of nodes, located in some domain, which
can in turn be transmitters or receivers (depending on the network considered, nodes may be mobile users,
base stations in a cellular network, access points of a WiFi mesh etc.). At a given time, several nodes
transmit simultaneously, each toward its own receiver. Each transmitter–receiver pair requires its own
wireless link. The signal received from the link transmitter may be jammed by the signals received from
the other transmitters. Even in the simplest model where the signal power radiated from a point decays in
an isotropic way with Euclidean distance, the geometry of the locations of the nodes plays a key role since
it determines the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) at each receiver and hence the possibility of
establishing simultaneously this collection of links at a given bit rate. The interference seen by a receiver is
the sum of the signal powers received from all transmitters, except its own transmitter.
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is formed by multiple moving nodes
equipped with wireless transceivers. The mobile nodes communicate with
each other through multi-hop wireless links, where every node can transmit
and receive information. Mobile ad-hoc networks have become increasingly
important in areas where deployment of communications infrastructure is
difficult.
An acronym for Multiple-In, Multiple-Out, MIMO communication sends the same data as several signals
simultaneously through multiple antennas, while still utilizing a single radio channel. This is a form of
antenna diversity, which uses multiple antennas to improve signal quality and strength of an RF link. The
data is split into multiple data streams at the transmission point and recombined on the receive side by
another MIMO radio configured with the same number of antennas. The receiver is designed to take
into account the slight time difference between receptions of each signal, any additional noise or
interference, and even lost signals.
Telecommunications is today widely understood to mean the electrical means of
communicating over a distance. The first form of telecommunications was that of
the Telegraph, which was invented quite independently in 1837 by two scientists,
Wheatstone and Morse. Telegraphy was on a point-to-point unidirectional basis and
relied on trained operators to interpret between the spoken or written word and the
special signals sent over the telegraph wire. However, the use of telegraphy did
greatly enhance the operations of railways and, of course, the dissemination of news
and personal messages between towns.
During the past three decades, the world has seen signifi cant changes in the telecom-
munications industry. There has been rapid growth in wireless communications, as
seen by large expansion in mobile systems. Wireless communications have moved
from fi rst-generation (1G) systems primarily focused on voice communications to
third-generation (3G) systems dealing with Internet connectivity and multi-media
applications. The fourth-generation (4G) systems will be designed to connect wire-
less personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs) and
wireless wide-area networks (WWANs).
A wireless ad-hoc network is a wireless network deployed without any infrastructure. In
such a network, there is no access point or wireless router to forward messages among the
computing devices. Instead, these devices depend on the ad-hoc mode of their wireless net‐
work interface cards to communicate with each other. If the nodes are within the transmis‐
sion range of the wireless signal, they can send messages to each other directly. Otherwise,
the nodes in between will forward the messages for them. Thus, each node is both an end
system and a router simultaneously.
This book is concerned with integrated circuits and systems for wireless and
mobile communications. Circuit techniques and implementation of reconfigurable
low-voltage and low-power single-chip CMOS transceivers for multiband and multi-
mode universal wireless communications are the focus of the book. Applications
encompass both long-range mobile cellular communications (GSM and UMTS)
and short-range wireless LANs (IEEE802.11 and Bluetooth). Recent advances in
research into transceiver architecture, RF frontend, analogue baseband, RF CAD
and automatic testing are reported.
