During the PAST three decades, the world has seen signifi cant changes in the telecom-
munications industry. There has been rapid growth in wireless communications, as
seen by large expansion in mobile systems. Wireless communications have moved
from fi rst-generation (1G) systems primarily focused on voice communications to
third-generation (3G) systems dealing with Internet connectivity and multi-media
applications. The fourth-generation (4G) systems will be designed to connect wire-
less personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs) and
wireless wide-area networks (WWANs).
The explosion in demand for wireless services experienced over the PAST 20 years
has put significant pressure on system designers to increase the capacity of the
systems being deployed. While the spectral resource is very scarce and practically
exhausted, the biggest possibilities are predicted to be in the areas of spectral reuse
by unlicensed users or in exploiting the spatial dimension of the wireless channels.
The former approach is now under intense development and is known as the cogni-
tive radio approach (Haykin 2005).
This effort started as an answer to the numerous questions the authors have
repeatedly had to answer about electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and
input/output (1/0) designs. In the PAST no comprehensive book existed suffi-
ciently covering these areas, and these topics were rarely taught in engineering
schools. Thus first-time I/O and ESD protection designers have had consider-
able trouble getting started. This book is in part an answer to such needs.
The goal of this book is to introduce the simulation methods necessary to describe
the behaviour of semiconductor devices during an electrostatic discharge (ESD).
The challenge of this task is the correct description of semiconductor devices under
very high current density and high temperature transients. As it stands, the book
can be no more than a snapshot and a summary of the research in this field
during the PAST few years. The authors hope that the book will provide the basis
for further development of simulation methods at this current frontier of device
physics.
The world of home automation is an exciting field that has exploded over the PAST
few years with many new technologies in both the commercial and open source
worlds. This book provides a gateway for those interested in learning more about
this topic and building their own projects.
With the introduction of the Raspberry Pi computer in 2012, a small and powerful
tool is now available for the home automation enthusiast, programmer, and electronic
hobbyist. It allows them to augment their home with sensors and software.
Over the PAST few decades there has been an exponential growth in service robots
and smart home technologies, which has led to the development of exciting new
products in our daily lives. Service robots can be used to provide domestic aid for
the elderly and disabled, serving various functions ranging from cleaning to enter-
tainment. Service robots are divided by functions, such as personal robots, field
robots, security robots, healthcare robots, medical robots, rehabilitation robots and
entertainment robots. A smart home appears “intelligent” because its embedded
computers can monitor so many aspects of the daily lives of householders. For
example, the refrigerator may be able to monitor its contents, suggest healthy alter-
natives and order groceries. Also, the smart home system may be able to clean the
house and water the plants.
The first edition as well as its forerunner of Kuffel and Abdullah published in
1970 and their translations into Japanese and Chinese languages have enjoyed
wide international acceptance as basic textbooks in teaching senior under-
graduate and postgraduate courses in High-Voltage Engineering. Both texts
have also been extensively used by practising engineers engaged in the design
and operation of high-voltage equipment. Over the years the authors have
received numerous comments from the text’s users with helpful suggestions
for improvements. These have been incorporated in the present edition. Major
revisions and expansion of several chapters have been made to update the
continued progress and developments in high-voltage engineering over the
PAST two decades.
This book deals with a very important problem in power system planning
for countries in which hydrogeneration accounts for the greatest part of the
system power production. During the PAST thirty years many techniques
have been developed to cope with the long-term operation of hydro reser-
voirs. These techniques have been discussed in a number of publications,
but they have not until now been documented in book form.
Modern day large power systems are essentially dynamic systems with stringent
requirements of high reliability for the continuous availability of electricity.
Reliability is contingent on the power system retaining stable operation during
steady-state operation and also following disturbances. The subject of power sys-
tem stability has been studied for many decades. With new developments, and there
have been many over the PAST couple of decades, new concerns and problems arise
that need to be studied and analysed. The objective of this book is a step in that
direction though not ignoring the conventional and well-established approaches.
This book is an outgrowth of a course developed at Stanford University over
the PAST five years. It is suitable as a self-contained textbook for second-level
undergraduates or for first-level graduate students in almost every field that
employs quantitative methods. As prerequisites, it is assumed that the student
may have had a first course in differential equations and a first course in linear
algebra or matrix analysis. These two subjects, however, are reviewed in
Chapters 2 and 3, insofar as they are required for later developments.
