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This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have
accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is
changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly Reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to
market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant
competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs.
Introduction
The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in
cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas
around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such
as those used in petrochemical plants.
The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing
safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was
developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries.
In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the
particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include
process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC
62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation.
圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
標(biāo)簽：
FPGA
安全系統(tǒng)
上傳時間：
2013-11-05
上傳用戶：維子哥哥
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Abstract: Standard PCB design and mounting processes can adversely influence MEMS inertial sensors.This application note contains guidelines for the layout, soldering, and mounting of MEMS inertialsensors in LGA packages in order to Reduce stresses and improve functionality.
標(biāo)簽：
MEMS
慣性傳感器
焊接
上傳時間：
2014-01-15
上傳用戶：sjb555
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With the Altera Nios II embedded processor, you as the system designercan accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custominstructions to the Nios II processor instruction set. Using custominstructions, you can Reduce a complex sequence of standard instructionsto a single instruction implemented in hardware. You can use this featurefor a variety of applications, for example, to optimize software innerloops for digital signal processing (DSP), packet header processing, andcomputation-intensive applications. The Nios II configuration wizard,part of the Quartus® II software’s SOPC Builder, provides a graphicaluser interface (GUI) used to add up to 256 custom instructions to theNios II processor
標(biāo)簽：
NIOSII
用戶
定制
指令
上傳時間：
2013-11-07
上傳用戶：swing
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Abstract: This article describes the Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) standard in telecommunications and details itshardware implementation. It explains how a fully integrated transceiver such as the MAX9947 can help Reduce space and cost, andsolve bus arbitrations in base-station tower equipment.
標(biāo)簽：
AISG
硬件
分立收發(fā)器
控制系統(tǒng)
上傳時間：
2014-12-30
上傳用戶：wangchong
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在研究傳統(tǒng)家用燃?xì)鈭缶鞯幕A(chǔ)上，以ZigBee協(xié)議為平臺，構(gòu)建mesh網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的智能語音報警系統(tǒng)。由于傳感器本身的溫度和實際環(huán)境溫度的影響，傳感器標(biāo)定后采用軟件補償方法。為了減少系統(tǒng)費用，前端節(jié)點采用半功能節(jié)點設(shè)備，路由器和協(xié)調(diào)器采用全功能節(jié)點設(shè)備，構(gòu)建mesh網(wǎng)絡(luò)所形成的家庭內(nèi)部報警系統(tǒng)，通過通用的電話接口連接到外部的公用電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)，啟動語音模塊進行報警。實驗結(jié)果表明，在2.4 GHz頻率下傳輸，有墻等障礙物的情況下，節(jié)點的傳輸距離大約為35 m，能夠滿足家庭需要，且系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定，但在功耗方面仍需進一步改善。
Abstract:
On the basis of studying traditional household gas alarm system, this paper proposed the platform for the ZigBee protocol，and constructed mesh network to achieve network-based intelligent voice alarm system. Because of the sensor temperature and the actual environment temperature, this system design used software compensation after calibrating sensor. In order to Reduce system cost, semi-functional node devices were used as front-end node, however, full-function devices were used as routers and coordinator，constructed alarm system within the family by building mesh network，connected to the external public telephone network through the common telephone interface, started the voice alarm module. The results indicate that nodes transmit about 35m in the distance in case of walls and other obstacles by 2.4GHz frequency transmission, this is able to meet family needs and work steadily, but still needs further improvement in power consumption.
標(biāo)簽：
ZigBee
無線智能
家
報警系統(tǒng)
上傳時間：
2013-10-30
上傳用戶：swaylong
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為滿足無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)具有低功耗、節(jié)點體積小、網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量大、網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸可靠等技術(shù)要求，設(shè)計了一種以MSP430單片機和CC2420射頻收發(fā)器組成的無線傳感節(jié)點。通過分析其節(jié)點組成，提出了ZigBee技術(shù)中的幾種網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湫问剑⒀芯苛薢igBee路由算法。針對不同的傳輸要求形式選用不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)湫问娇梢员M大可能地減少系統(tǒng)成本。同時針對不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)選用正確的ZigBee路由算法有效地減少了網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量消耗，提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。應(yīng)用試驗表明，采用ZigBee方式通信可以提高傳輸速率且覆蓋范圍大，與傳統(tǒng)的有線通信方式相比可以節(jié)約40%左右的成本。
Abstract:
To improve the proposed technical requirements such as low-ower， small nodes， large capacity and reliable network transmission， wireless sensor nodes based on MSP430 MCU and CC2420 RF transceiver were designed. This paper provided network topology of ZigBee technology by analysing the component of the nodes and researched ZigBee routing algorithm. Aiming at different requirements of transmission mode to choose the different network topologies form can most likely Reduce the system cost. And aiming at different network to choose the correct ZigBee routing algorithm can effectively Reduced the network energy consumption and improved the reliability of the system. Results show that the communication which used ZigBee mode can improve the transmission rate， cover more area and Reduce 40% cost compared with traditional wired communications mode.
標(biāo)簽：
ZigBee
無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)
協(xié)議研究
路由
上傳時間：
2013-10-09
上傳用戶：robter
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針對UHF讀寫器設(shè)計中，在符合EPC Gen2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的情況下，對標(biāo)簽返回的高速數(shù)據(jù)進行正確解碼以達到正確讀取標(biāo)簽的要求，提出了一種新的在ARM平臺下采用邊沿捕獲統(tǒng)計定時器數(shù)判斷數(shù)據(jù)的方法，并對FM0編碼進行解碼。與傳統(tǒng)的使用定時器定時采樣高低電平的FM0解碼方法相比，該解碼方法可以減少定時器定時誤差累積的影響；可以將捕獲定時器數(shù)中斷與數(shù)據(jù)判斷解碼相對分隔開，使得中斷對解碼影響很小，實現(xiàn)捕獲與解碼的同步。通過實驗表明，這種方法提高了解碼的效率，在160 Kb/s的接收速度下，讀取一張標(biāo)簽的時間約為30次/s。
Abstract:
Aiming at the requirement of receiving correctly decoded data from the tag under high-speed communication which complied with EPC Gen2 standard in the design of UHF interrogator， the article introduced a new technology for FM0 decoding which counted the timer counter to judge data by using the edge interval of signal capture based on the ARM7 platform. Compared with the traditional FM0 decoding method which used the timer timed to sample the high and low level， the method could Reduce the accumulation of timing error and could relatively separate capture timer interrupt and the data judgment for decoding， so that the disruption effect on the decoding was small and realizd synchronization of capture and decoding. Testing result shows that the method improves the efficiency of decoding， at 160 Kb/s receiving speed， the time of the interrogator to read a tag is about 30 times/s.
標(biāo)簽：
UHF
FM0
讀寫器
解碼技術(shù)
上傳時間：
2013-11-10
上傳用戶：liufei
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The LTC®3207/LTC3207-1 is a 600mA LED/Camera driverwhich illuminates 12 Universal LEDs (ULEDs) and onecamera fl ash LED. The ULEDs are considered universalbecause they may be individually turned on or off, setin general purpose output (GPO) mode, set to blink at aselected on-time and period, or gradate on and off at aselected gradation rate. This device also has an externalenable (ENU) pin that may be used to blink, gradate, orturn on/off the LEDs without using the I2C bus. This may beuseful if the microprocessor is in sleep or standby mode. Ifused properly, these features may save valuable memoryspace, programming time, and Reduce the I2C traffi c.
標(biāo)簽：
3207
LTC
用戶
上傳時間：
2014-01-04
上傳用戶：LANCE
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Abstract: Using a wafer-level package (WLP) can Reduce the overall size and cost of your solution.However when using a WLP IC, the printed circuit board (PCB) layout can become more complex and, ifnot carefully planned, result in an unreliable design. This article presents some PCB designconsiderations and general recommendations for choosing a 0.4mm- or 0.5mm-pitch WLP for yourapplication.
標(biāo)簽：
Considerations
Guidelines
and
Design
上傳時間：
2013-11-09
上傳用戶：ls530720646
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This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have
accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is
changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly Reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to
market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant
competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs.
Introduction
The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in
cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas
around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such
as those used in petrochemical plants.
The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing
safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was
developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries.
In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the
particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include
process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC
62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation.
圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
標(biāo)簽：
FPGA
安全系統(tǒng)
上傳時間：
2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zoudejile
