The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a
Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which
belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI)
coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice
activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The
input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction
residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and
a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW
magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical
predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is
quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and
REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model,
based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral
(LSP) parameters are quantized using a combination of scalar
and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic
delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of
21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated
using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as
background noise. channel errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode
of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to
ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
Two important microwave remote sensors are the radar and the radiometer.
There have been a number of books written on various aspects of radar, but
there have been only a few written on microwave radiometers, especially on sub-
jects of how to design and build radiometer systems. This book, which is the
second edition of a book originally published in 1989, attempts to fill this void.
Two important microwave remote sensors are the radar and the radiometer.
There have been a number of books written on various aspects of radar, but
there have been only a few written on microwave radiometers, especially on sub-
jects of how to design and build radiometer systems. This book, which is the
second edition of a book originally published in 1989, attempts to fill this void.
