視頻目標識別與跟蹤技術是當今世界重要的研究課題,它涉及圖像處理、自動控制、計算機應用等學科,該文主要論述該項目的具體實現及相關理論分析,重點在于該系統的硬件模塊實現及分析.該系統的硬件模塊是典型的高速數字電路,這也是當今世界電路設計的一大熱點.同時,該系統的硬件模塊不同于傳統的模擬、數字電路.嚴格的說它是基于可編程芯片的系統(System On Programmable Chip).它與傳統電路的最大不同在于,硬件模塊本身不具備任何功能,但該硬件模塊可以與相應的軟件結合(此處,我們將FPGA中的可編程指令也廣義的歸入軟件范疇),實現相應的功能.換言之,該硬件模塊通過換用其他軟件,可以實現其他功能.所以從這個意義上講,我們也可以將其稱為基于可編程芯片的通用平臺系統(General System On Programmable Chip).此外,該文還對該系統進行了嘗試性的層狀結構描述,這種描述同樣適用于其它IT目的或電子系統.
視頻圖像處理的應用越來越廣泛,各種處理算法也日趨成熟,相關的硬件技術不斷地推陳出新。視頻圖像處理系統的硬件實現一般來說有三種方式:數字信號處理器(Digital Signal Processor)、專用集成芯片(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)和現場可編程邏輯門陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array)以及相關電路組成。最近幾年,隨著電子設計自動化(Electronic Design Automation)技術的迅速發展,使得基于FPGA的可編程片上系統(System On a Programmable Chip)逐漸成為嵌入式系統。應用的一種趨勢。特別地,在視頻圖像處理系統設計中,數據量大,要求處理速度快,靈活性高,FPGA有其獨特的優勢。鑒于此,本文對基于FPGA和SOPC技術的視頻圖像處理系統進行了研究。 本文介紹了Xilinx公司FPGA的結構和功能特點,以及可編程片上系統的開發工具和片內系統設計流程。根據視頻信號的相關知識,編寫了視頻圖像處理IP核,構建了視頻圖像處理系統。整個系統以FPGA為核心器件,內嵌PowerPC405處理器模塊,通過ⅡC總線完成視頻解碼芯片的初始化,總體上實現了對視頻圖像信號的采集、處理、存儲和顯示。 本文最后對系統進行了調試。經過實驗驗證,系統能正確和可靠地工作。整個系統的邏輯資源消耗占FPGA的百分之十幾,剩余的資源可以做許多硬件算法或其它方面的應用。
NXP Semiconductor designed the LPC2400 microcontrollers around a 16-bit/32-bitARM7TDMI-S CPU core with real-time debug interfaces that include both JTAG andembedded Trace. The LPC2400 microcontrollers have 512 kB of on-chip high-speedFlash memory. This Flash memory includes a special 128-bit wide memory interface andaccelerator architecture that enables the CPU to execute sequential instructions fromFlash memory at the maximum 72 MHz system clock rate. This feature is available onlyon the LPC2000 ARM Microcontroller family of products. The LPC2400 can execute both32-bit ARM and 16-bit Thumb instructions. Support for the two Instruction Sets meansEngineers can choose to optimize their application for either performance or code size atthe sub-routine level. When the core executes instructions in Thumb state it can reducecode size by more than 30 % with only a small loss in performance while executinginstructions in ARM state maximizes core performance.
The CAT28LV64 is a low voltage, low power, CMOS Parallel EEPROM organized as 8K x 8−bits. It requires a simple interface for in−system programming. On−chip address and data latches, self−timed write cycle with auto−clear and VCC power up/down write protection eliminate additional timing and protection hardware. DATA Polling and Toggle status bit signal the start and end of the self−timed write cycle. Additionally, the CAT28LV64 features hardware and software write protection.