IEEE 802.11i-2004 Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edition (Reaff 2003). IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between system--Local and metropolitan area networks?Specific requirements--Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications--Amendment 6: Medium Access Control (MAC) Security Enhancements
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Technical realization of the Short Message Service (SMS)
Point-to-Point (PP)
(3GPP TS 03.40 version 7.5.0 Release 1998)
4G Americas is an industry trade organization composed of leading
telecommunications service providers and manufacturers. The
organization's mission is to advocate for and foster the
advancement and full capabilities of the LTE mobile broadband
technology and its evolution beyond to 5G, throughout the
ecosystem's networks, services, applications and wirelessly
connected devices in the Americas. 4G Americas, the voice of 5G for
the Americas, is invested in leading 5G development for the
Americas and maintaining the current global innovation lead in
North America with LTE technology.
The telecommunications industry has seen a rapid boost within the last decade. New realities
and visions of functionalities in various telecommunications networks have brought forward the
concept of next-generation networks (NGNs). The competitions among operators for support-
ing various services, lowering of the cost of having mobile and cellular phones and smartphones,
increasing demand for general mobility, explosion of digital traffic, and advent of convergence
network technologies added more dynamism in the idea of NGNs. In fact, facilitating con-
vergence of networks and convergence of various types of services is a significant objective of
NGN
During the past two decades, technological development related to telecommuni-
cation technologies has allowed organizations of all types and size to be able to de-
velop effective networking applications in support of information management. Fur-
thermore, telecommunication technologies combined with computer technology have
created the foundation of modern information technology which has affected all as-
pects of societal and organizational functions in our modern world.
It is commonly accepted today that optical fiber communications have revolutionized
telecommunications. Indeed, dramatic changes have been induced in the way we interact
with our relatives, friends, and colleagues: we retrieve information, we entertain and
educate ourselves, we buy and sell, we organize our activities, and so on, in a long list
of activities. Optical fiber systems initially allowed for a significant curb in the cost of
transmission and later on they sparked the process of a major rethinking regarding some,
generation-old, telecommunication concepts like the (OSI)-layer definition, the lack of
cross-layer dependency, the oversegmentation and overfragmentation of telecommunica-
tions networks, and so on.
This thesis is about wireless communication in shared radio spectrum. Its origin and
motivation is ideally represented by the two quotations from above. In this thesis, the
support of Quality-of-Service (QoS) in cognitive radio networks is analyzed. New
approaches to distributed coordination of cognitive radios are developed in different
spectrum sharing scenarios. The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 802.11 proto-
col of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (IEEE, 2003) with
its enhancement for QoS support (IEEE, 2005d) is taken as basis. The Medium Access
Control (MAC) of 801.11(e) is modified to realize flexible and dynamic spectrum
assignment within a liberalized regulation framework.
The telecommunications industry is undoubtedly in a period of radical change with
the advent of mobile broadband radio access and the rapid convergence of Internet
and mobile services. Some of these changes have been enabled by a fundamental
shift in the underlying technologies; mobile networks are now increasingly based
on a pure Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture. Since the first edition of this
book was published in 2009, a multitude of connected devices from eBook readers
to smartphones and even Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technologies have all started
to benefit from mobile broadband. The sea change over the last few years is only the
beginning of a wave of new services that will fundamentally change our economy, our
society, and even our environment. The evolution towards mobile broadband is one of
the core underlying parts of this revolution and is the focus of this book.
