Rapid progress in information and communications technology (ICT) induces
improved and new TELECOMmunications services and contributes greatly to society
in general and to vendors and network and service providers. In addition to existing
services such as telephony or leased line services, spread of the Internet, the Internet
Protocol (IP) phone, and new communications services like IPTV are making great
progress with the development of digital subscriber lines (DSL) and high - speed
communications technologies like fi ber to the home (FTTH).
Each of us is interested in optimization, and TELECOMmunications. Via several meetings,
conferences, chats, and other opportunities, we have discovered these joint interests and
decided to put together this book.
Changes in TELECOMmunications are impacting all types of user
group, which include business users, traveling users, small and
home offices, and residential users. The acceptance rate of telecom-
munications and information services is accelerating significantly.
Voice services needed approximately 50 years to reach a very high
teledensity; television needed just 15 years to change the culture
and lives of many families; the Internet and its related services have
been penetrating and changing business practices and private com-
munications over the last 2 to 3 years.
The dictionary definition of TELECOMmunications is ‘communication over long
distance by cable, telegraph, telephone or broadcasting’, but since its initiation over
100yearsagothingshavemovedrapidly.TELECOMmunicationsisnowaverycomplex
industrywithmanydifferentpressures,operatinginahighlydynamic environment.It
is best viewed as part of a wider industry known as information and communication
technology (ICT). The purpose of this chapter is to explain where telecommunication
fits in, to highlight some of the complexities – hopefully to simplify them – and to
position the industry in today’s dynamic business environment.
TELECOMmunications is today widely understood to mean the electrical means of
communicating over a distance. The first form of TELECOMmunications was that of
the Telegraph, which was invented quite independently in 1837 by two scientists,
Wheatstone and Morse. Telegraphy was on a point-to-point unidirectional basis and
relied on trained operators to interpret between the spoken or written word and the
special signals sent over the telegraph wire. However, the use of telegraphy did
greatly enhance the operations of railways and, of course, the dissemination of news
and personal messages between towns.
Many TELECOMmunications and computing applicationsneed high effi ciency step-down DC/DC converters thatcan operate from a very low input voltage. The highoutput power synchronous controller LT3740 is idealfor these applications, converting input supplies rangingfrom 2.2V to 22V to outputs as low as 0.8V with loadcurrents from 2A to 20A. Applications include distributedpower systems, point-of-load regulation and conversionof logic supplies.
In an increasing trend, TELECOMmunications, networking,audio and instrumentation require low noise power supplies.In particular, there is interest in low noise, lowdropout linear regulators (LDO). These components powernoise-sensitive circuitry, circuitry that contains noisesensitiveelements or both. Additionally, to conserve power,particularly in battery driven apparatus such as cellulartelephones, the regulators must operate with low input-tooutputvoltages.1 Devices presently becoming availablemeet these requirements (see separate section, “A Familyof 20mVRMS Noise, Low Dropout Regulators”).
Abstract: The application note addresses how G3-PLC, a powerline communications protocol approvedby the International TELECOMmunications Union (ITU), enables mesh networking in advanced metering
In today’s world of modular networking and TELECOMmunications design, it is becomingincreasingly difficult to keep alignment with the many different and often changing interfaces,both inter-board and intra-board. Each manufacturer has their own spin on the way in whichdevices are connected. To satisfy the needs of our customers, we must be able to support alltheir interface requirements. For us to be able to make products for many customers, we mustadopt a modular approach to the design. This modularity is the one issue that drives the majorproblem of shifting our bits from one modular interface to another.
Abstract: This article describes the Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) standard in TELECOMmunications and details itshardware implementation. It explains how a fully integrated transceiver such as the MAX9947 can help reduce space and cost, andsolve bus arbitrations in base-station tower equipment.
