Construction Strategy of ESD Protection CircuitAbstract: The principles used to construct ESD protection on circuits and the basic conceptions of ESD protection design are presented.Key WORDS:ESD protection/On circuit, ESD design window, ESD current path1 引言靜電放電(ESD,Electrostatic Discharge)給電子器件環(huán)境會帶來破壞性的后果。它是造成集成電路失效的主要原因之一。隨著集成電路工藝不斷發(fā)展,互補金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體(CMOS,Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)的特征尺寸不斷縮小,金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體(MOS, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)的柵氧厚度越來越薄,MOS 管能承受的電流和電壓也越來越小,因此要進一步優(yōu)化電路的抗ESD 性能,需要從全芯片ESD 保護結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計來進行考慮。
標(biāo)簽: Construction Strategy ESD of
上傳時間: 2013-11-09
上傳用戶:Aidane
【摘要】本文結(jié)合作者多年的印制板設(shè)計經(jīng)驗,著重印制板的電氣性能,從印制板穩(wěn)定性、可靠性方面,來討論多層印制板設(shè)計的基本要求。【關(guān)鍵詞】印制電路板;表面貼裝器件;高密度互連;通孔【Key WORDS】Printed Circuit Board;Surface Mounting Device;High Density Interface;Via一.概述印制板(PCB-Printed Circuit Board)也叫印制電路板、印刷電路板。多層印制板,就是指兩層以上的印制板,它是由幾層絕緣基板上的連接導(dǎo)線和裝配焊接電子元件用的焊盤組成,既具有導(dǎo)通各層線路,又具有相互間絕緣的作用。隨著SMT(表面安裝技術(shù))的不斷發(fā)展,以及新一代SMD(表面安裝器件)的不斷推出,如QFP、QFN、CSP、BGA(特別是MBGA),使電子產(chǎn)品更加智能化、小型化,因而推動了PCB工業(yè)技術(shù)的重大改革和進步。自1991年IBM公司首先成功開發(fā)出高密度多層板(SLC)以來,各國各大集團也相繼開發(fā)出各種各樣的高密度互連(HDI)微孔板。這些加工技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,促使了PCB的設(shè)計已逐漸向多層、高密度布線的方向發(fā)展。多層印制板以其設(shè)計靈活、穩(wěn)定可靠的電氣性能和優(yōu)越的經(jīng)濟性能,現(xiàn)已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)制造中。下面,作者以多年設(shè)計印制板的經(jīng)驗,著重印制板的電氣性能,結(jié)合工藝要求,從印制板穩(wěn)定性、可靠性方面,來談?wù)劧鄬又瓢逶O(shè)計的基本要領(lǐng)。
上傳時間: 2013-11-19
上傳用戶:zczc
磁芯電感器的諧波失真分析 摘 要:簡述了改進鐵氧體軟磁材料比損耗系數(shù)和磁滯常數(shù)ηB,從而降低總諧波失真THD的歷史過程,分析了諸多因數(shù)對諧波測量的影響,提出了磁心性能的調(diào)控方向。 關(guān)鍵詞:比損耗系數(shù), 磁滯常數(shù)ηB ,直流偏置特性DC-Bias,總諧波失真THD Analysis on THD of the fer rite co res u se d i n i nductancShi Yan Nanjing Finemag Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210033 Abstract: Histrory of decreasing THD by improving the ratio loss coefficient and hysteresis constant of soft magnetic ferrite is briefly narrated. The effect of many factors which affect the harmonic wave testing is analysed. The way of improving the performance of ferrite cores is put forward. Key WORDS: ratio loss coefficient,hysteresis constant,DC-Bias,THD 近年來,變壓器生產(chǎn)廠家和軟磁鐵氧體生產(chǎn)廠家,在電感器和變壓器產(chǎn)品的總諧波失真指標(biāo)控制上,進行了深入的探討和廣泛的合作,逐步弄清了一些似是而非的問題。從工藝技術(shù)上采取了不少有效措施,促進了質(zhì)量問題的迅速解決。本文將就此熱門話題作一些粗淺探討。 一、 歷史回顧 總諧波失真(Total harmonic distortion) ,簡稱THD,并不是什么新的概念,早在幾十年前的載波通信技術(shù)中就已有嚴(yán)格要求<1>。1978年郵電部公布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)YD/Z17-78“載波用鐵氧體罐形磁心”中,規(guī)定了高μQ材料制作的無中心柱配對罐形磁心詳細的測試電路和方法。如圖一電路所示,利用LC組成的150KHz低通濾波器在高電平輸入的情況下測量磁心產(chǎn)生的非線性失真。這種相對比較的實用方法,專用于無中心柱配對罐形磁心的諧波衰耗測試。 這種磁心主要用于載波電報、電話設(shè)備的遙測振蕩器和線路放大器系統(tǒng),其非線性失真有很嚴(yán)格的要求。 圖中 ZD —— QF867 型阻容式載頻振蕩器,輸出阻抗 150Ω, Ld47 —— 47KHz 低通濾波器,阻抗 150Ω,阻帶衰耗大于61dB, Lg88 ——并聯(lián)高低通濾波器,阻抗 150Ω,三次諧波衰耗大于61dB Ld88 ——并聯(lián)高低通濾波器,阻抗 150Ω,三次諧波衰耗大于61dB FD —— 30~50KHz 放大器, 阻抗 150Ω, 增益不小于 43 dB,三次諧波衰耗b3(0)≥91 dB, DP —— Qp373 選頻電平表,輸入高阻抗, L ——被測無心罐形磁心及線圈, C ——聚苯乙烯薄膜電容器CMO-100V-707APF±0.5%,二只。 測量時,所配用線圈應(yīng)用絲包銅電磁線SQJ9×0.12(JB661-75)在直徑為16.1mm的線架上繞制 120 匝, (線架為一格) , 其空心電感值為 318μH(誤差1%) 被測磁心配對安裝好后,先調(diào)節(jié)振蕩器頻率為 36.6~40KHz, 使輸出電平值為+17.4 dB, 即選頻表在 22′端子測得的主波電平 (P2)為+17.4 dB,然后在33′端子處測得輸出的三次諧波電平(P3), 則三次諧波衰耗值為:b3(+2)= P2+S+ P3 式中:S 為放大器增益dB 從以往的資料引證, 就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)諧波失真的測量是一項很精細的工作,其中測量系統(tǒng)的高、低通濾波器,信號源和放大器本身的三次諧波衰耗控制很嚴(yán),阻抗必須匹配,薄膜電容器的非線性也有相應(yīng)要求。濾波器的電感全由不帶任何磁介質(zhì)的大空心線圈繞成,以保證本身的“潔凈” ,不至于造成對磁心分選的誤判。 為了滿足多路通信整機的小型化和穩(wěn)定性要求, 必須生產(chǎn)低損耗高穩(wěn)定磁心。上世紀(jì) 70 年代初,1409 所和四機部、郵電部各廠,從工藝上改變了推板空氣窯燒結(jié),出窯后經(jīng)真空罐冷卻的落后方式,改用真空爐,并控制燒結(jié)、冷卻氣氛。技術(shù)上采用共沉淀法攻關(guān)試制出了μQ乘積 60 萬和 100 萬的低損耗高穩(wěn)定材料,在此基礎(chǔ)上,還實現(xiàn)了高μ7000~10000材料的突破,從而大大縮短了與國外企業(yè)的技術(shù)差異。當(dāng)時正處于通信技術(shù)由FDM(頻率劃分調(diào)制)向PCM(脈沖編碼調(diào)制) 轉(zhuǎn)換時期, 日本人明石雅夫發(fā)表了μQ乘積125 萬為 0.8×10 ,100KHz)的超優(yōu)鐵氧體材料<3>,其磁滯系數(shù)降為優(yōu)鐵
上傳時間: 2014-12-24
上傳用戶:7891
Linear Technology’s DC/DC step-down μModule®regulators are complete switchmode power supplies in asurface-mount package. They include the DC/DC controller,inductor, power switches and supporting circuitry.These highly integrated regulators also provide an easysolution for applications that require negative outputvoltages. In other WORDS, these products can operate asinverting buck-boost regulators. As a result, the lowestpotential in the circuit is not the standard 0V, but –VOUT,which must be tied to the μModule regulator’s GND. Allsignals are now referred to –VOUT.
標(biāo)簽: Module 如何制作 降壓穩(wěn)壓器 輸入輸出
上傳時間: 2013-10-22
上傳用戶:ztj182002
光伏發(fā)電是未來新能源發(fā)電重要方向之一,而光伏變流器是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心。介紹一種基于微網(wǎng)理念的光伏變流器設(shè)計。以該變流器為核心的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可以看做一個小型的微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能根據(jù)外部電網(wǎng)情況,工作于并網(wǎng)模式和離網(wǎng)模式。介紹了該系統(tǒng)的各個組成部件的設(shè)計以及變流器主電路部分器件的選型。最后,由實驗樣機進行測試。試驗結(jié)果驗證了電路拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)及控制方案的可行性,也說明了系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)計方法的正確性。 Abstract: Solar Photovoltaic generation is an important direction of new energy power generation in the future,while photovoltaic converter is the core of photovoltaic generation system. This paper deals with a study on photovoltaic inverter based on the concept of microgrid. This paper describes a system whose core component is the photovoltaic inverter,can work on grid-connected mode or run independently according to the external situation. The paper simply describes the main components of the system. At last,the prototype was produced and tested. Test result has proved feasibility of circuit topology structure and controlling scheme and shown correctness of system parameters.Key WORDS: PV inverter; microgrid; off-grid; storage battery
標(biāo)簽: 光伏 變流器 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
上傳時間: 2014-12-24
上傳用戶:Shaikh
設(shè)計一種基于AT89C52的語音錄放系統(tǒng),利用單片機、ISD2560語音錄放器件、麥克風(fēng)、揚聲器等元器件實現(xiàn)硬件電路的設(shè)計,并利用C51高級語言設(shè)計ISD2560器件控制字的寫入和定時中斷程序。經(jīng)軟硬件調(diào)試,結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)錄放效果良好,具有一定的工程實用價值。 Abstract: Voice recording and playback system based on AT89C52is designed in this paper.Using the single-chip microcomputer,voice recording and playback chip ISD2560,microphone and speaker to realize the hardware circuit design.Writing ISD2560control WORDS and timing interrupt procedures are designed by C51advanced language.Through the hardware and software test,voice recording and playback system play better voice,and this system has some engineering practical values.
上傳時間: 2013-10-20
上傳用戶:ywcftc277
為了解決磁放大器性能測試過程中,需要對其供給不同數(shù)值恒定電流的問題,設(shè)計了一種基于DAC7512和單片機的數(shù)控恒流源系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用AT89C51作為主控器件,將計算機發(fā)送的電流控制字命令轉(zhuǎn)換為D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器控制字,通過模擬SPI通信接口,寫D/A控制字到DAC7512,從而控制其輸出相應(yīng)數(shù)字電壓值,經(jīng)差動縮放電路、電壓/電路變換電路和功率驅(qū)動電路,最后輸出恒定電流。實驗結(jié)果表明,恒流源輸出電流調(diào)節(jié)范圍為-45~+45 mA、精度為±0.1 mA,分辨率達0.024 4 mA,具有應(yīng)用靈活,外圍電路簡單,可靠性高的特點。該數(shù)控直流恒流源也可為相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的測試系統(tǒng)研發(fā)提供參考。 Abstract: In order to solve the need to supply different values constant current for the magnetic amplifier in testing process, numerical control constant current source system was designed based on DAC7512 chip and microcontroller technology. The system used the AT89C51 as the main chip, which can convert the current control word from computer into to D/A control WORDS. And the system wrote D/A control word into the DAC7512 chip to control the output voltage value by the SPI communication interface, which can output corresponding constant current figures by scaling circuit, the V/I converter and power drive circuit. Experimental results show that the current source output current adjustment range is -45~+45mA, accuracy is ± 0.1mA, and resolution ratio is 0.024 4mA
標(biāo)簽: 7512 DAC 數(shù)控直流 恒流源
上傳時間: 2014-12-27
上傳用戶:invtnewer
介紹了一種基于MSP430系列單片機和ADXL203加速度傳感器的數(shù)字式傾角儀,它不僅可以實現(xiàn)水平度檢測,而且可以測量00~3600范圍內(nèi)的任意傾角,分辨率可達O.1。。此外,由于該傾角儀輸出為數(shù)字結(jié)果,因此它也可以與其他的數(shù)字設(shè)備結(jié)合起來,組合成一個功能更加強大的儀器。該數(shù)字傾角儀可廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑、機械、道路、橋梁、石油、煤礦和地質(zhì)勘探等各種需要測量重力參考系下傾角的場合。關(guān)鍵詞:MSP430F133單片機;力敏傳感器;ADXL203加速度計;角度測量 Abstract:This paper presents a new style digital inclinometer which is developed on the basis of the MSP430F133 MCU and the ADXL203 dual axis aeeelerometer.This inclinometer not only can test levelness,but also can measure any angle between 0。and 360。with an accuracy of 0.1 O.In addition,its output is a digital result,which makes it possible to integrate itself with other digital devices to form a more functional unit.This inclinometer can be widely used in any construction site,oil field,coal-mine or geologic survey and SO on where it will provide the working people with convenience to measure any angles.Key WORDS:MSP430F133 MCU;force sensor;ADXL203 accelerometer;angle measurement
上傳時間: 2013-11-14
上傳用戶:lizhizheng88
介紹了用單片機C 語言實現(xiàn)無功補償中電容組循環(huán)投切的基本原理和算法,并舉例說明。關(guān)鍵詞:循環(huán)投切;C51;無功補償中圖分類號: TM76 文獻標(biāo)識碼: BAbstract: This paper introduces the aplication of C51 in the controlling of capacitorsuits cycle powered to be on and off in reactive compensation.it illustrate thefondamental principle and algorithm with example.Key WORDS: cycle powered to be on and off; C51; reactive compensation 為提高功率因數(shù),往往采用補償電容的方法來實現(xiàn)。而電容器的容量是由實時功率因數(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值進行比較來決定的,實時功率因數(shù)小于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時,需投入電容組,實時功率因數(shù)大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時,則需切除電容組。投切方式的不合理,會對電容器造成損壞,現(xiàn)有的控制器多采用“順序投切”方式,在這種投切方式下排序在前的電容器組,先投后切;而后面的卻后投先切。這不僅使處于前面的電容組經(jīng)常處于運行狀態(tài),積累熱量不易散失,影響其使用壽命,而且使后面的投切開關(guān)經(jīng)常動作,同樣減少壽命。合理的投切方式應(yīng)為“循環(huán)投切”。這種投切方式使先投入的運行的電容組先退出,后投的后切除,從而使各組電容及投切開關(guān)使用機率均等,降低了電容組的平均運行溫度,減少了投切開關(guān)的動作次數(shù),延長了其使用壽命。
標(biāo)簽: C51 無功補償 循環(huán) 電容
上傳時間: 2014-12-27
上傳用戶:hopy
基于PIC單片機的脈沖電源:設(shè)計了一種金屬凝固過程用脈沖電源。該電源采用PIC16F877作為主控芯片,實現(xiàn)對窄脈沖電流幅值的檢測,以及時電流脈沖幅值根據(jù)模糊PID算法進行閑環(huán)控制。使用結(jié)果表明:該電源的輸出脈沖波形良好,電流幅值穩(wěn)定,滿足合金材料凝固過程的工藝要求且運行穩(wěn)定可靠。關(guān)鍵詞:脈沖電源;PIC16F877單片機;模糊PID;閑環(huán)控制 Abstract:A kind of pulse power supply was designed which uses in the metal solidification process ..I11is power supply used PIC16F877 to take the master control chip reali on to the narrow pulse electric current peak-to-peak value examination,carried on the closed-loop control to the electric current pulse peak-to-peak value basis fuzzy PID algorithm.The use result indicated ,this power supply output se profile is good,and the electric current peak-to-p~k value is stable,It satisfies the alloy material solidification process the technological requirement and movement stable reliable,Key WORDS:p se po wer supply;PIC16F877single-chip microcontroller;f r PID;closed-loop control
上傳時間: 2013-10-27
上傳用戶:xcy122677
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