Currently, the information and communications technology (ICT) industry sector
accounts for about 2–6% of the energy consumption worldwide, and a significant por-
tion of this is contributed by the wireless and mobile communications industry. With
the proliferation of wireless data applications, wireless technology continues to increase
worldwide at an unprecedented growth rate. This has resulted in an increased number
of installed base stations and higher demand on power grids and device power usage,
causing an increased carbon footprint worldwide.
To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service, the research on the fifth generation
(5G) mobile communication systems has been undertaken in recent years. It is expected that the spectral and energy
efficiencies in 5G mobile communication systems should be ten-fold higher than the ones in the fourth generation
(4G) mobile communication systems. Therefore, it is important to further exploit the potential of spatial multiplexing
of multiple antennas. In the last twenty years, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques have been
considered as the key techniques to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems. When a large-scale
antenna array (which is also called massive MIMO) is equipped in a base-station, or a large number of distributed
antennas (which is also called large-scale distributed MIMO) are deployed, the spectral and energy efficiencies can
be further improved by using spatial domain multiple access. This paper provides an overview of massive MIMO
and large-scale distributed MIMO systems, including spectral efficiency analysis, channel state information (CSI)
acquisition, wireless transmission technology, and resource allocation.
The market for cellular phones and wireless data transmission equipment has changed
dramatically since the late 1970s when cellular phones were first introduced and the
late 1980s when wireless data equipment became available. As would be expected,
duringthistime RF test requirements and RF test equipment has changed dramatically.
Identification is pervasive nowadays in daily life due to many complicated activities such as
bank and library card reading, asset tracking, toll collecting, restricted access to sensitive data
and procedures and target identification. This kind of task can be realized by passwords, bio-
metric data such as fingerprints, barcode, optical character recognition, smart cards and radar.
Radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)isatechniquetoidentifyobjectsbyusingradiosystems.
It is a contactless, usually short distance, wireless data transmission and reception technique
for identification of objects. An RFID system consists of two components: the tag (also called
transponder) and the reader (also called interrogator).
Radio frequency identifi cation (RFID) is a modern wireless data transmission and
reception technique for applications including automatic identifi cation, asset track-
ing and security surveillance. As barcodes and other means of identifi cation and
asset tracking are inadequate for recent demands, RFID technology has attracted
interest for applications such as logistics, supply chain management, asset tracking
and security access control.
adio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing automatic wireless data-collection
technology with a long history.The first multi-bit functional passive RFID systems,with a range of
several meters, appeared in the early 1970s, and continued to evolve through the 1980s. Recently,
RFID has experienced a tremendous growth,due to developments in integrated circuits and radios,
and due to increased interest from the retail industrial and government.
AR0231AT7C00XUEA0-DRBR（RGB濾光）安森美半導體推出采用突破性減少LED閃爍 (LFM)技術的新的230萬像素CMOS圖像傳感器樣品AR0231AT，為汽車先進駕駛輔助系統(ADAS)應用確立了一個新基準。新器件能捕獲1080p高動態范圍(HDR)視頻，還具備支持汽車安全完整性等級B(ASIL B)的特性。LFM技術(專利申請中)消除交通信號燈和汽車LED照明的高頻LED閃爍，令交通信號閱讀算法能于所有光照條件下工作。AR0231AT具有1/2.7英寸(6.82 mm)光學格式和1928(水平) x 1208(垂直)有源像素陣列。它采用最新的3.0微米背照式(BSI)像素及安森美半導體的DR-Pix?技術，提供雙轉換增益以在所有光照條件下提升性能。它以線性、HDR或LFM模式捕獲圖像，并提供模式間的幀到幀情境切換。 AR0231AT提供達4重曝光的HDR，以出色的噪聲性能捕獲超過120dB的動態范圍。AR0231AT能同步支持多個攝相機，以易于在汽車應用中實現多個傳感器節點，和通過一個簡單的雙線串行接口實現用戶可編程性。它還有多個數據接口，包括MIPI(移動產業處理器接口)、并行和HiSPi(高速串行像素接口)。其它關鍵特性還包括可選自動化或用戶控制的黑電平控制，支持擴頻時鐘輸入和提供多色濾波陣列選擇。封裝和現狀：AR0231AT采用11 mm x 10 mm iBGA-121封裝，現提供工程樣品。工作溫度范圍為-40℃至105℃(環境溫度)，將完全通過AEC-Q100認證。
1. General Description BL-M3362NS1 product is designed base on Broadcom BCM43362 chipset. It operates at 2.4GHz band and supports IEEE802.11b/g/n 1T1Rwith wireless data rate up to 72.2Mbps. It supports IEEE802.11isafety protocol, along with IEEE802.11e standard service quality. It supports standard interfaces SDIOV2.0(50 MHz,4-bit and1-bit) and generic SPI(up to 50 MHz), Integrated ARM Cortex?-M3 CPUwith on-chip memory enables running IEEE802.11 firmware that can be field-upgraded with future features.2. The range of applying Imaging platforms(printers, digital still cameras, digital picture frames)Consumer electronic devices(DTV, DVDplayers, Blu-ray players. etc.)Gaming platforms Carinformation MiFi/Mobile Routes Smart PAD Set-TopBoxes
